CourseID	Course Subject	Course No	T52 Course Title	Course Description
ACCT2004	ACCT	2004	Accounting for Non-Accountants	This course is designed for the non-BA/non-ACCT major who has an interest in gaining a basic understanding of financial statements and the Accounting profession. The course will enable participants to make informed financial and investment decisions. Credit not granted for students who have completed ACCT 2014. 
ACCT2014	ACCT	2014	Principles of Accounting I	A general introduction emphasizing procedural aspects of accounting data in decision-making. Various accounting methods for single proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations are explored.
ACCT2134	ACCT	2134	Principles of Accounting II	The concepts of cost in developing information for management use in the determination of income, the selection of activities or projects, and the measurement of performance. Prerequisite: ACCT 2014.
ACCT3022	ACCT	3022	Independent Study	A study of the tools and techniques of research, the use of the library and Internet resources, and the planning and execution of a research project with a written report. May be repeated for a total of two units of credit. (1/2 course unit.) Standard or CR/NC grading.
ACCT3024	ACCT	3024	Independent Study	A study of the tools and techniques of research, the use of the library and Internet resources, and the planning and execution of a research project with a written report. May be repeated for a total of two units of credit. (1 course unit.) Standard or CR/NC grading.
ACCT3034	ACCT	3034	Intermediate Accounting I	A more advanced study of the functions, theory, and practice of accounting and of their relationship to business management; the usefulness and limitations of accounting in providing information on financial activities, the acquisition of assets and services, the determination of income, and equity interests; the features of internal control; and the presentation, interpretation, and analysis of financial statements. Prerequisite: ACCT 2134.
ACCT3044	ACCT	3044	Intermediate Accounting II	A continuation of ACCT 3034.
ACCT3084	ACCT	3084	Governmental Accounting	The application of accounting principles to governmental and nonprofit organizations. Topics include budgets for resource management and the operation of general and special revenue funds. Prerequisite: ACCT 2134.
ACCT3094	ACCT	3094	Income Taxation	A presentation of the U.S. income tax system applicable to individuals, partnerships, and corporations, including topics such as the determination of gross income, business and personal deductions, and accounting methods. Prerequisite: ACCT 2134.
ACCT3144	ACCT	3144	Cost Accounting	Presentation of cost accumulation methods, responsibility accounting, budgeting, and the entire spectrum of cost and profit analysis. Emphasis on developing information for management use in the determination of income, selection of activities (or projects), and the measurement of performance. Specific topics include process costing, joint and by-product costs, decision models, cost behavior, and variance analysis. Prerequisite: ACCT 2134.
ACCT3212	ACCT	3212	Special Topics in Accounting	This course will be offered in May term periodically in order to present special or creative topics of interest in the area of accounting. (1/2 course unit.) Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.
ACCT3214	ACCT	3214	Special Topics in Accounting	This course will be offered in May term periodically in order to present creative or special topics of interest in the area of accounting. (1 course unit.) Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.
ACCT4002	ACCT	4002	Volunteer Income Tax Assistance	Designed to provide free tax assistance to persons who cannot afford professional tax help. Volunteers assist with simple tax returns, particularly those of low income, elderly, or handicapped individuals. (1/2 course unit.) May be repeated twice for credit. CR/NC grading.
ACCT4014	ACCT	4014	Auditing	Emphasizes concepts that enable the student to understand the philosophy and environment of auditing. Presents an overview of the public accounting profession, with special attention to auditing standards, professional ethics, legal liability, study and evaluation of internal control, nature of evidence, statistical sampling, impact of electronic data processing, and the basic approach to planning an audit. Prerequisites: ACCT 3034 and 3044.
ACCT4024	ACCT	4024	Partnerships, Trusts & Estates	Covers current controversial topics in accounting such as pension, leases, and price level accounting. Also includes the more traditional topics of partnerships, joint ventures, and branch accounting. Prerequisites: ACCT 3034 and 3044.
ACCT4034	ACCT	4034	Corporate Consolidations	A continuation of ACCT 4024, with primary emphasis on in-depth coverage of corporate consolidations. Includes topics such as minority interest and pooling or purchase of interests. Prerequisites: ACCT 3034 and 3044.
ACCT4202	ACCT	4202	Internship in Accounting	Study of accounting in business operations. Participants will interact with accountants in auditing, taxation, and management services within a CPA firm, business entity, or government office. Research on a topic chosen in consultation with the instructor and the agency will be required. (1/2 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
ACCT4204	ACCT	4204	Internship in Accounting	Study of accounting in business operations. Participants will interact with accountants in auditing, taxation, and management services within a CPA firm, business entity, or government office. Research on a topic chosen in consultation with the instructor and the agency will be required. (1 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
ACCT4208	ACCT	4208	Internship in Accounting	Study of accounting in business operations. Participants will interact with accountants in auditing, taxation, and management services within a CPA firm, business entity, or government office. Research on a topic chosen in consultation with the instructor and the agency will be required. (2 course units.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
ACCT4444	ACCT	4444	Senior Seminar in Accounting	A synthesis of the various areas of accounting. In-depth study of accounting problems, with primary emphasis on the application of current accounting theory to problem solving. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: ACCT 4034.
ACCTELECT1	ACCT	ELECT1	Acounting Major Elective Placeholder	Acounting Major Elective Placeholder Course.
AFS1111	AFS	1111	Aerospace Studies I	A course designed to provide the student with a basic understanding of the nature and principles of war, national power, and the Department of Defense role in the organization of national security. The student also develops leadership abilities by participating in a military organization, the cadet corps, which offers a wide variety of situations demanding effective leadership.  Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS1120	AFS	1120	Leadership Seminar	A course designed for development of basic skills required to be a manager, including communications, human relations, and administration of equal opportunity. Credit will not be granted toward the hours requirements for the degree.  CR/NC grading. Corequisite: AFS 1111. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS1131	AFS	1131	Aerospace Studies I	A course designed to provide the student with a basic understanding of the contribution of aerospace power to the total U.S. strategic offensive and defensive military posture. The student also develops leadership abilities by participating in a military organization, the cadet corps, which offers a wide variety of situations demanding effective leadership. Prerequisite: AFS 1111. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS1140	AFS	1140	Leadership Seminar	A continuation of AFS 1131. A course designed to develop managerial skills including superior/subordinate relationships, communications, customs and courtesies, basic drill movements and career progression requirements. Credit will not be granted toward the hours requirements for the degree. CR/NC grading. Corequisite: AFS 1131. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS2111	AFS	2111	Aerospace Studies II	Introduces the study of air power from a historical perspective; focuses on the development of air power into a primary element of national security. Leadership experience is continued through active participation in the cadet corps. Lecture, one hour; leadership laboratory, one hour. Prerequisite: AFS 1111, 1131 or PAS approval. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS2120	AFS	2120	Leadership Seminar	A course designed for development of advanced skills required to be a manager/leader, including leadership styles, public speaking, group dynamics, motivation and preparation for field training. Credit will not be granted toward the hours requirements for the degree. CR/NC grading. Corequisite: AFS 2111. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS2131	AFS	2131	Aerospace Studies II	Provides a foundation for understanding how air power has been employed in military and non-military operations to support national objectives. Examines the changing mission of the defense establishment, with particular emphasis on the United States Air Force. Leadership experience is continued through participation in the cadet corps. Lecture, one hour; leadership laboratory, one hour per week. Prerequisite: AFS 1111, 1131 or PAS approval. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS2140	AFS	2140	Leadership Seminar	A continuation of AFS 2131. A course designed to develop supervisory management skills to include communications, techniques of critique, social actions, personnel evaluation procedures, problem solving, role playing and field training preparation. Credit will not be granted toward the hours requirements for the degree. CR/NC grading. Corequisite: AFS 2131. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS3114	AFS	3114	Aerospace Studies III	A study of management functions with emphasis on the individual as a manager in an Air Force environment. Individual motivational and behavioral process, communication, and group dynamics are included to provide a foundation for the development of professional skills as an Air Force Officer. Students refine their leadership and managerial abilities by organizing and managing a quasi-military unit. Prerequisite: Acceptance into POC or approval of PAS. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS3120	AFS	3120	Leadership Laboratory	A course designed and focused on developing advanced leadership skills. Students fill the mid-level management function within the cadet corps. The course involves the planning and controlling of military activities of the cadet corps, and the preparation and presentation of briefings and other written and oral communications. CR/NC grading. Corequisite: AFS 3111.
AFS3134	AFS	3134	Aerospace Studies III	A study of leadership with specific emphasis on the Air Force leader. Includes theoretical, professional and communicative aspects. In addition, military justice and administrative law are discussed within the context of the military organization. Students continue to develop and refine their leadership abilities by organizing and managing a military unit, the cadet corps, which offers a wide variety of situations requiring effective leadership. Prerequisite: AFS 3111.  Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS3140	AFS	3140	Leadership Laboratory	Laboratory to accompany AFS 3134. CR/NC grading. Corequisite: AFS 3134. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS3950	AFS	3950	Independent AFS Work	
AFS4114	AFS	4114	Aerospace Studies IV	A study of the military profession, civil-military interaction, communicative skills, framework of defense policy, and formulation of defense strategy. Students refine their leadership abilities by organizing and managing a military unit, the cadet corps, which offers a wide variety of situations requiring effective leadership. Prerequisite: AFS 3134, ore approval of PAS. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS4120	AFS	4120	Leadership Laboratory	A course designed and focused on developing advanced leadership skills. Students fill the top level management function within the cadet corps. The course involves the planning and controlling of military activities of the cadet corps, and the preparation and presentation of briefings and other written and oral communications. The lab also includes practice of leadership techniques aimed at motivating and instructing cadets in the lower three levels. CR/NC grading. Laboratory, two hours per week. Corequisite: AFS 4114. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS4134	AFS	4134	Aerospace Studies IV	Continues the study of strategy and the management of conflict, formulation and implementation of U.S. defense policy, defense organization, and case studies in defense policy making. Students also refine their leadership abilities by organizing and managing a military unit, the cadet corps, which offers a wide variety of situations requiring effective leadership. Prerequisite: AFS 4114 or approval of PAS. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AFS4140	AFS	4140	Leadership Laboratory	A continuation of AFS 4120. A course designed and focused on developing advanced leadership skills. Students fill the top level management function within the cadet corps. The course involves the planning and controlling of military activities of the cadet corps, and the preparation and presentation of briefings and other written and oral communications. The lab also includes practice of leadership techniques aimed at motivating and instructing cadets in the lower three levels. CR/NC grading. Laboratory, Two hours per week. Corequisite: AFS 4134. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AMS1101	AMS	1101	Introduction to the Army	This introductory level course is designed to give students an appreciation for the role the Army currently plays in our society. The course covers the history of the Army and the roles and relationships of the Army within our society. The course also covers some of the basic skills necessary for today's leaders to include oral presentation, time management, map reading, basic rifle marksmanship and squad tactics. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AMS1102	AMS	1102	Introduction to Leadership	This course is designed to acquaint the student with the fundamental skills necessary to be a leader, both in military and civilian context. Course also covers basic military map reading skills. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AMS2211	AMS	2211	Advanced Leadership I	This course focuses on both theoretical and practical aspects of leadership. Students will examine topics such as written and oral communication, effective listening, assertiveness, personality, adult development, motivation, and organizational culture and change. Prereq: AMS 1101 and 1102, or consent of instructor. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AMS2212	AMS	2212	Advanced Leadership II	This course focuses principally on officership, providing an extensive examination of the unique purpose, roles, and obligations of commissioned officers. It includes a detailed investigation of the origin or our institutional values and their practical application in decision making and leadership. Prereq: AMS 1101, 1102 and 2211, or consent of the instructor. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AMS2501	AMS	2501	Military Science Laboratory	A hands-on practicum which exposes the student to the military skills required for introductory technical and tactical competence as an Army officer. The course affords first-year and sophomore cadets opportunities to develop and refine their leadership style and abilities under differing constraints and environments. Laboratory, two hours per week and two weekend exercises. May be repeated to a maximum of four credits. Prereq: AMS 250, AMS 101, AMS 201 and AMS 202. Concurrent: AMS 301, 302, 341 or 342 (University of Kentucky numbering). Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AMS3014	AMS	3014	Leadership and Management I	Course of study in development of basic skills required to function as a manager; study of leadership styles, group dynamics, communications, motivation and military instruction methods; and school of the soldier and exercise of command. Prereq: AMS 1101, 1102 graduate or undergraduate student (male or female), successful completion of basic course or basic camp, physically fit to pursue program; consent of PMS. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AMS3024	AMS	3024	Advanced Tactics	Small unit tactics and communications, organization and mission of combat arms units; leadership and the exercise of command. Prereq: AMS 1101, 1102, graduate or undergraduate student (male or female), successful completion of basic course or basic camp, physically fit to pursue program; consent of PMS. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AMS3204	AMS	3204	Advanced Studies in American Military History	(University of Kentucky course description) This course will furnish upper level UK ROTC Cadets, and qualified History majors or minors with the methodological tools and materials needed to gain a more detailed understanding of American Military History and to put together a major research paper. AMS/HIS 320 will emphasize basic research skills: understanding historiographical debates within a military framework, developing effective note taking, outlining techniques, picking a feasible research topic, finding useful primary sources and drawing inferences from them, examining American military campaigns and leaders in order to complete a battle analysis, and short research assignments. Prereq: Consent of instructor (Same as HIS 320.) Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AMS3414	AMS	3414	Leadership and Management II	An advanced study of logistics, operations, military administrations, personnel management, military justice, world change and military implications, service orientation and leadership training. Prereq: AMS 3014, 3024. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AMS3424	AMS	3424	Command Management	An advanced study of logistics, operations, military administration, personnel management, military justice, world change and military implications, service orientation and leadership training. Prereq: AMS 3014, 3024. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AMS3501	AMS	3501	Military Science Laboratory	A hands-on practicum which exposes the student to the military skills required for advanced technical and tactical competence as an Army officer. The course affords junior and senior cadets opportunities to develop and refine their leadership style and abilities under differing constraints and environments. Laboratory, two hours per week and two weekend exercises. May be repeated to a maximum of four credits. Prereq: AMS 250, AMS 101, AMS 201 and AMS 202. Concurrent: AMS 301, 302, 341 or 342 (University of Kentucky numbering). Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
AMS3951	AMS	3951	Independent Study in Leadership	Advanced study in leadership. Students are under guidance and confer individually with faculty on approved topic(s). A written report or paper is expected and will be filed in the chairperson's office. May be repeated to a maximum of four credits. Prereq: Completion of AMS 3024 and approval of PMS. Course taught at the University of Kentucky.
ANTH1024	ANTH	1024	Cultural Anthropology	Explores the similarities and differences among contemporary cultures of the world. Introduces the concepts and methods central to cultural anthropology and explores various domains of social life, such as marriage and family, political and economic systems, gender ideology, magic, and religion. Recommended for first-year and sophomore students only. III A
ANTH1034	ANTH	1034	Human Origins	The physical origin, evolution, and prehistory of human beings and the major archaeological methods used to reconstruct the fossil record. Explores non-human primate evolution and social behavior among chimpanzees, gorillas, and monkeys. Focuses on the major debates in physical anthropology regarding the nature of human origins and evolution.
ANTH1044	ANTH	1044	Cultural Geography	Provides an introduction to the study of spatial distributions of people on earth, including population trends, migration, land-use, urbanism, and changing global systems. This is an introductory course without prerequisites. Also listed as SOC 1054. III A
ANTH1054	ANTH	1054	Introduction to Archaeology	Students will focus on how archaeologists make interpretations of the past using material remains. By examining the utility and limits of archaeological methods, students will learn to critically evaluate archaeological interpretations. The history of archaeology and major theoretical perspectives are examined and contemporary challenges facing archaeologists are explored. II Social Science
ANTH1074	ANTH	1074	World Prehistory	Offers an overview of major cultural developments in the world from the spread of modern humans throughout the world to the dawn of history. Prehistoric cultures from Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe are discussed, using archaeological and ethnographic source material to explore such topics as the origins of agriculture, the first cities, the development of the state, trade, and warfare. III A
ANTH2204	ANTH	2204	Anthropology: Area Study	An intensive study of a particular geographic area and the culture within that area, such as Sub- Saharan Africa, the Middle East, the Mediterranean, or Native North, Middle, or South America. The area studied changes from term to term and will be announced in advance. May be repeated for credit as the topic changes. Prerequisite: ANTH 1024 and FYS 1104. IV; V
ANTH2324	ANTH	2324	Cultural Psychology	An examination of culture and psychological processes as mutually constituting agents. The course will be positioned within broad themes, including diversity in psychological functioning, cultural grounding of psychological experience and processes, and psychology of culture. Topics include self and identity, human development, relationships, emotions, cognition and perception, motivation and health.  Prerequisite: PSY 1004 or ANTH 1024. Also listed as PSY-2324. IV
ANTH2554	ANTH	2554	African Art and Culture	Provides an introduction to the rich heritage of African art and culture. Examines the varied ways that African art has shaped and been shaped by the histories and cultural values of different African peoples, both in the past and during the present day. This course will strengthen the student's ability to critically assess the role of art in Africa for the people who produce and use it, and will provide an understanding of the role of African art in the West for the people who collect, exhibit, view, and study it. Topics of study will include social, political, religious, philosophical, gendered, and aesthetic practices. Also listed as ART 2554. III A or IV
ANTH2604	ANTH	2604	Magic, Witchcraft, and Religion	Investigates the relationship between humans and the supernatural world in various cross-cultural settings, and the ways in which religious belief systems influence sociocultural arrangements around the world. Specific areas of study include shamanism, revitalization movements, healing cults, the function of witchcraft accusations, sorcery, and divination. Prerequisite: ANTH 1024. IV
ANTH2834	ANTH	2834	Ancient Polis	This course examines the ideal of the good life in the ancient city, as refined in thought, articulated in a structured environment, and developed across cultures and over time. Also listed as CLA-2834, HIST-2834, PHIL-2834.  IV
ANTH2934	ANTH	2934	Gender, Culture, and the Social Body	Investigates sociological and anthropological perspectives on the body. Topics include an analysis of body modification and alteration, (diet, exercise, bodybuilding, scarification), and bodily decoration (tattooing, body paint, jewelry, ceremonial clothing). The course poses questions such as: How are issues of power and domination written into cultural scripts about ideal forms? How does bodily decoration convey gendered meanings and statuses? Explores how processes of development and capitalism have transformed understandings and attitudes about beauty, clothing, and the 'ideal' body. Prerequisite: ANTH 1024 or SOC 1004. Also listed as SOC 2934 and WS 2934. IV
ANTH3204	ANTH	3204	Topics in Anthropology	An in-depth study of a particular topic in anthropology and the theories and methods used to study that topic. Topics may include culture change; psychological anthropology; applied anthropology; health, healing, and culture; or anthropology of Appalachia. IV
ANTH3244	ANTH	3244	Global Feminisms	Designed to introduce students to women's issues, experiences, and activities from outside of the United States, focusing on areas generally understood to be part of the 'Third World.' Using an interdisciplinary and comparative approach, students will draw on various methods of analyzing and understanding the production of gender relations, and the webs of power within which women's lives are situated. Cultural dimensions of gender and power will also be considered. Topics studied may include colonialism, globalization, maternity and reproductive rights, violence, population and poverty, sexuality and sex work, women's activism, and grassroots cooperatives. Each time the course is taught, the focus is on three major world regions, exploring the above issues within each one. Prerequisite: WS 1004 or PHIL 2004 and FYS 1104. Also listed as WS 3244. III A or IV; IV
ANTH3304	ANTH	3304	Urban Anthropology	Investigates the nature of urban life in cross-cultural settings. Topics include theories of urbanism, migration, family life, kinship, class, and ethnicity. Students will conduct small-scale urban fieldwork projects as a means of exploring various dimensions of urban culture. Prerequisite: ANTH 1024 and FYS 1104. IV; V
ANTH3314	ANTH	3314	Latin American Prehistory	Focusing on 20,000 years of human presence in Latin America and the Caribbean, from the arrival of the first people from Asia at the end of the last ice age to the arrival of Europeans in the sixteenth century, this course offers an overview of major cultural developments in the region, including the origins of agriculture, village life, and the first cities. Using archaeological, historical, and ethnographic source material, the course culminates in an examination of the Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations, including the radical changes that accompanied the arrival of Europeans. IV
ANTH3344	ANTH	3344	Global Health	A multidisciplinary investigation of global health emphasizing a critical evaluation of its current status and prospects in several under-resourced countries. The course will focus on ways in which culture, economics, philosophy, science and political policies influence population health, especially as these are evidenced in nutrition; epidemiology and infectious disease; maternal/child health; and chronic diseases that result from population trends such as obesity and smoking. Prerequisites: 1 course in ANTH, PHIL, BIO, PS, or EXSCI. Also listed as IDS 3344. III A or IV
ANTH3374	ANTH	3374	Health, Healing, & Culture	Medical anthropology is a subfield of anthropology concerned with health and healing systems cross-culturally. This course examines cultural conceptions of disease, illness, and healing as they vary across cultures. Topics surveyed include the role of healers in culture, biomedicine as a cultural system, mental illness, childbirth and reproduction, and non-Western medical traditions. Prerequisite: ANTH 1024 and FYS 1104. IV; V
ANTH3404	ANTH	3404	Sustainable Development	Explores the concept of sustainable development, from the beginning of the era of international development following WWII to the present. The course explores the challenges involved in creating sustainable development, from the socio-cultural issues and environmental concerns to the definition of sustainability. Case studies will help highlight these issues. Prerequisite: ANTH 1024 or SOC 1004 and FYS 1104. Also listed as SOC 3404. IV; V
ANTH3424	ANTH	3424	Appalachia and the Environment	From the beginning of human habitation to the present, the physical landscape of Appalachia has shaped the culture and society of Appalachian peoples. This course examines the relationship of the physical and cultural aspects of Appalachia, from Ice Age hunters to the present. Recent environmental and anti-environmental movements are discussed. Using anthropological, geographical, and sociological literature, students will develop an understanding of the complex relationship of the physical and cultural landscapes, examine the power of historical trends and legacies, and critically examine stereotypes and commonly held beliefs about the region. Prerequisite: ANTH 1024 or SOC 1004. Also listed as SOC 3424. IV
ANTH3504	ANTH	3504	Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective	Provides analysis of the cultural conditions (both material and ideological) that shape the meanings underlying masculinity and femininity in various cultural contexts. Perspectives from Marxist and feminist theory, political economy, psychodynamic/psychological anthropology, and evolutionary psychology are utilized to understand gendered differences in cultural behavior. Prerequisites: ANTH 1024or WS 1004; and at least 1 2000 level or above anthropology course and FYS 1104. Also listed as WS 3514. III A or IV; V
ANTH3944	ANTH	3944	Junior Seminar: History and Theory Of Anthropology	Explores how theory has shaped both the kinds of questions posed by anthropologists and the data yielded by particular modes of inquiry since the early twentieth century.  Examines the extent to which theoretical perspectives are tied to social and cultural norms of the time, and investigates how some predominant historical paradigms in the field of anthropology shape contemporary ethnographic work.  Prerequisite: ANTH 1024, 1034, or 1054,2 upper-level ANTH courses, and FYS-1104. IV; V
ANTH4014	ANTH	4014	Independent Study	Individual student research and practice in selected areas of anthropology, under faculty supervision. May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisites: ANTH 1024 or 1034 and permission of instructor.
ANTH4204	ANTH	4204	Internship in Anthropology	Provides supervised placement of students in organizations dealing with anthropology field research, archaeology, directed culture change, or education in anthropological topics (museums, for example). The program provides an opportunity to work in some area of anthropology and to apply principles of anthropological courses. Substantive internship and organization to be chosen in consultation with internship supervisor. A total of 3 course units can be counted toward major requirements. (1 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: ANTH 1024 or 1034, 4 course units in sociology or anthropology, and permission of instructor.
ANTH4208	ANTH	4208	Internship in Anthropology	Provides supervised placement of students in organizations dealing with anthropology field research, archaeology, directed culture change, or education in anthropological topics (museums, for example). The program provides an opportunity to work in some area of anthropology and to apply principles of anthropological courses. Substantive internship and organization to be chosen in consultation with internship supervisor. A total of 3 course units can be counted toward major requirements. (2 course units.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: ANTH 1024 or 1034, 4 course units in sociology or anthropology, and permission of instructor.
ANTH4212	ANTH	4212	Internship in Anthropology	Provides supervised placement of students in organizations dealing with anthropology field research, archaeology, directed culture change, or education in anthropological topics (museums, for example). The program provides an opportunity to work in some area of anthropology and to apply principles of anthropological courses. Substantive internship and organization to be chosen in consultation with internship supervisor. A total of 3 course units can be counted toward major requirements. (3 course units.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: ANTH 1024 or 1034, 4 course units in sociology or anthropology, and permission of instructor.
ANTH4444	ANTH	4444	Senior Seminar in Anthropology	Explores contemporary applied and theoretical issues in anthropology. Student projects for the course may be based on original research, field work and/or review of existing literature. Central themes for the course will vary and may include topics such as migration, identity, representation, human rights, refugee populations, and the future of anthropology. Prerequisite: ANTH 1024, 3944, and 3 additional units in anthropology, and senior status in anthropology. IV
ANTHELECT1	ANTH	ELECT1	Anthropology Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	Anthropology Major/Minor Elective Placeholder Course.
ART1024	ART	1024	Introduction to Visual Art	An investigation of the personal, social, and cultural roles of art and visual communication from a contemporary perspective. Students will explore conceptual, formal, and technical issues in the visual arts through studio projects, lectures, class discussions, and visits to regional exhibitions. Fulfills an art history elective in the art minor. II Fine Arts
ART1044	ART	1044	Introduction to Sculpture	An introductory studio investigation of historical, conceptual, and technical issues in sculpture, with an emphasis on materials and problem solving. Students will explore a range of processes and conceptual approaches to creating three-dimensional works of art. II Fine Arts
ART1424	ART	1424	Introduction to Drawing	An introductory studio investigation of historical, conceptual, and technical issues in drawing, with an emphasis on perceptual and observational skills. Students will explore a broad range of materials and subject matter in the development of a personal and expressive voice. II Fine Arts
ART2104	ART	2104	Painting I	An applied studio exploration of the spatial properties of color/color theory through the use of water-based paint. Students will work from a variety of subjects as they investigate technical and conceptual issues from both historical and contemporary perspectives. Additionally they will be exposed to a wide range of both western and non-western artists working with color, along with the personal and cultural motivations that influence their works. Critical readings and viewings, guest artists, and visits to local galleries will complement studio activities. IV
ART2294	ART	2294	Special Topics in Art	The study of an area of studio art not fully treated in other courses. Topics change from term to term and are announced in advance. May be repeated as long as the topic is different. IV
ART2364	ART	2364	Integrated Media: Photography	An introduction to creating exhibition ready artworks with photography. The projects in this course are informed by historical traditions and contemporary innovations in the media of photography. Explores all areas of image creation including anatomy of the camera, developing images, making prints, finishing, mounting and experimental techniques. Research of historical issues expected, along with presentation of a final portfolio. IV
ART2424	ART	2424	Intermediate Drawing and Printmaking	A continuation of techniques and concepts introduced in ART 1424 with an emphasis on developing a basic understanding of printmaking history, technique, and application as they relate to drawing. Students will focus on the human figure as subject, while exploring basic surface and relief printmaking methods. Prerequisite: ART 1424 or permission of instructor. IV
ART2504	ART	2504	Ceramics I	Introduction to basic hand building, throwing, glazing, and firing techniques. Emphasis on individual creativity and form sensibility. IV
ART2614	ART	2614	Integrated Media: Video and Design	An introduction to the digital creation of exhibition ready artworks using the processes and the vocabulary of video and design. The projects in this course are informed by a range of digital processes and platforms for sharing image-based communication with a contemporary audience. IV
ART2744	ART	2744	Collage/Mixed Media Drawing	A studio investigation of conceptual and technical issues in mixed media drawing from traditional and nontraditional perspectives. A wide range of materials and subject matter will be introduced with particular attention to material and image integration. Students will work with found, manipulated, and constructed imagery in exploring composition as it promotes a personal and contemporary expression. Prerequisite: ART 1424 or permission of instructor. IV
ART3674	ART	3674	Painting II	A focused investigation of skills and ideas developed in ART 2104, with emphasis on concept and subject continuity with respect to modes of personal expression. Prerequisite: ART 2104. IV
ART3774	ART	3774	Sculpture II	Further exploration of sculpture in a wider variety of processes, with emphasis on application of these processes to specific problems. Prerequisite: ART 1044. IV
ART3874	ART	3874	Ceramics II	A continuation of ART 2504, with increased emphasis on aesthetic considerations as well as the functional uses of clay. Includes introduction to glaze calculation and supervised kiln firings. Prerequisite: ART 2504. IV
ART4204	ART	4204	Internship in Art	A practical, hands-on, faculty supervised field placement with a community arts institution (profit or nonprofit) tailored to meet students' professional/career interests. Possible areas of study include commercial/graphic art, photography, arts management, and interior design. Only one unit of internship credit may be used to fulfill major pattern elective requirements. (1 course unit.) CR/NC grading.
ART4208	ART	4208	Internship in Art	A practical, hands-on, faculty supervised field placement with a community arts institution (profit or nonprofit) tailored to meet students' professional/career interests. Possible areas of study include commercial/graphic art, photography, arts management, and interior design. Only one unit of internship credit may be used to fulfill major pattern elective requirements. (2 course units.) CR/NC grading.
ART4344	ART	4344	Advanced Studio Practices	A continuation of ideas and processes introduced in discipline-specific level I and II art studios. Readings and lectures centered on a common theme will be used to stimulate the development of responsive studio projects as students engage media and processes of their own choosing. Guest lectures, studio/gallery and event visitations, open critiques, and critical writings will enhance the student's search for a personal voice. May be repeated unlimited times for additional credit. Prerequisite: Any second-level studio art course. IV
ART4404	ART	4404	Special Topics in Studio Art	Permits individual student activity in a selected and approved area of studio art. May be used to do further work in a studio art area in which the student has completed the normal course sequence, or to do work in an area not treated in other studio courses offered during that term. May be repeated once for a total of 2 credits. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. IV
ART4444	ART	4444	Senior Seminar: Theory, Methods and Exhibition	Includes research and analysis of major issues in studio art with focus on questions of practice and philosophical approach. The focus of the latter part of this course is preparation for, and installation of, a Senior Exhibition. Students will prepare by presenting and discussing their finished work and works in progress, and by developing a personal artist's statement, slide portfolio, and professional resume. A panel of Art Program faculty and the gallery director will review these materials, including work submitted for exhibition. Art majors are required to take this course during the winter term of their senior year. Prerequisite: Senior Standing, ART 1024 and one of the following: ARTH 2144, ARTH 3124, or ARTH 3154. IV
ARTH1114	ARTH	1114	Art History: Ancient to Gothic	Asurvey of major works and periods in Western art from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages. This course emphasizes the principles and vocabulary of visual expression and the relationship between art and its historical context. Special attention is given to three-dimensional works151architecture and sculpture151in the ancient world (Egypt, Greece, and Rome) and in the Christian West (Byzantium and Europe). This course also introduces a selection of non-Western art and architecture. III B
ARTH1124	ARTH	1124	Art History: Renaissance to Modern	A survey of major artists and movements in Western art from the early Renaissance to the present. As with Art History I, this course introduces the general student to the principles and vocabulary of visual expression. With emphasis on painting, sculpture, and architecture, class discussions center on some of the economic, political, and social forces that shaped great works by artists from Giotto and Michelangelo to Picasso and Nevelson. III B
ARTH1604	ARTH	1604	Introduction to Asian Art	A survey of visual traditions of Asia with an emphasis on the cultures of India, China, and Japan. Through examining major artistic trends of these three traditions, this course will introduce students to the distinctive styles, forms, and aesthetics of each region. Aesthetic issues will be studied within their appropriate religious and cultural contexts. Special attention will be given to the mutual influences and transmissions of culture that shape the works of art.  III A
ARTH2144	ARTH	2144	Modern Art	An investigation of art and visual culture from the Realist revolutions of the mid-nineteenth century to Minimalism and Conceptual Art of the 1970s. Class discussions focus on artists, emblematic works of art, and major movements in art as well as on critical reception of works; readings and discussion will emphasize the political, social, and economic forces that shape the art of this period. Among the topics considered: new processes and materials, popular images, art criticism and critical theories, "major monuments" and popular images. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV; V
ARTH2154	ARTH	2154	History of Architecture: Classic to Contemporary	A survey of the western tradition in architecture and city design from the 6th century BCE to the present. For the most part, this is a 'cities' course that centers on buildings and their urban environments. It will investigate some of the ways that buildings and urban centers are shaped by political, social, economic, and intellectual forces and, in turn, some ways that they reveal the culture of time and place. III B or IV.
ARTH2294	ARTH	2294	Special Topics in Art History	Study of an area not covered in other art history courses. Courses will include Western and/or nonwestern emphases, interdisciplinary study, and May term travel. Topics change from term to term and are announced in advance. May be repeated for different topics. IV
ARTH2554	ARTH	2554	African Art and Culture	Provides an introduction to the rich heritage of African art and culture. Examines the varied ways that African art has shaped and been shaped by the histories and cultural values of different African peoples, both in the past and during the present day. This course will strengthen the student's ability to critically assess the role of art in Africa for the people who produce and use it, and will provide an understanding of the role of African art in the West for the people who collect, exhibit, view, and study it. Topics of study will include social, political, religious, philosophical, gendered, and aesthetic practices. Also listed as ANTH 2554. III A or IV
ARTH2604	ARTH	2604	Ideas in Non-Western Art	This course will consider how philosophic and religious ideas have been incorporated into the art of various non-Western cultures. Focus areas include: Japan, China, India, the Middle East, Native North America, Native Africa, and New Guinea. Attention will also be given to comparison of non-Western with Western art, and examination of intercultural influences. Satisfies an elective or art history course in the art major or minor. III A or IV
ARTH2624	ARTH	2624	Arts of China	A survey of major trends in the arts of China from the Neolithic period to the early Modern era, with focus on important monuments and objects within cultural contexts. Aesthetic issues will be related to contemporaneous developments in philosophy, religion, government, society, and culture. Lectures, readings, and discussions will help students acquire some understanding of technological and stylistic developments as well as aesthetic, theoretical, and cultural issues. III A or IV
ARTH2644	ARTH	2644	Arts of Japan	A survey of major trends in the arts of Japan from the prehistoric time to the nineteenth century. The course examines important monuments and objects within broader contexts of Japanese history and culture. Monuments associated with Shinto and Buddhist beliefs will be studied as well as works created in response to more secular interests. Special attention will be given to the relationship between Japanese art and that of continental Asia.  III A or IV.
ARTH2664	ARTH	2664	Chinese Calligraphy: History and Practice	An introductory survey of history and art of Chinese calligraphy from the Shang through the Qing dynasties. This course will focus on the development of major artistic traditions and examine important artists and their works within the broader context of Chinese history. Through lectures, readings, class discussions and studio practices, students will learn the aesthetic values of Chinese calligraphy as well as the fundamental brush and ink techniques. Attention will be given to the importance of calligraphy to Chinese culture.  III A or IV.
ARTH2684	ARTH	2684	Arts of Anime	A study of the development of Japanese animation, or anime, from the early twentieth century to the present. This course introduces major anime genres and examines important artists, directors and their works. Discussions emphasize the visual and thematic aspects of this dynamic form of popular art and culture in modern Japan. The course also explores amine's connection with Japanese traditional art and culture as well as its impact on modern society and art world. III A or IV
ARTH3114	ARTH	3114	Special Topics in Art History	An intensive study of a period or topic in art history. Topics change and are announced in advance. Most 'special topics' concentrate on issues of twentieth-century art--topics include the beginnings of modern (artists and issues from 1890 to 1914) and issues in art, 1960-1990. Seminar format. May be repeated for credit provided that the period or topic is different. Prerequisite: ARTH 1114, 1124, 2144, or permission of instructor. May be used to satisfy a distribution requirement in non-Western civilization when topic is appropriate. IV
ARTH3124	ARTH	3124	Women in Art	A study of major issues about women and art from the Renaissance to the present. Discussion will center on the nature of images made by women and on the social, political, and economic forces that shape women's work. Special emphasis will be placed on women as patrons, collectors, and models. Seminar format with extensive readings and research paper. Also listed as WS 3134. Prerequisite: ARTH 1124, 2144, or WS 1004 and FYS 1104. IV; V
ARTH3144	ARTH	3144	Contemporary Architecture	A study of selected contemporary buildings and their urban environments, in a global context, with emphasis on the social, political, and economic forces that shape them. Study includes critical theories and will investigate not only "signature" architecture but also vernacular forms of building, post-modern and late modern. Topics include building genres, international competitions, critical reception, "celebrity" architects, and participatory design as well as environmental issues-land use and landscape architecture. Prerequisite: ARTH 1124, 2144, or 2154. IV
ARTH3154	ARTH	3154	Modern Architecture	A critical study of buildings and their urban environments primarily in Europe and the U.S. from the second half of the nineteenth century through the 1970s. Emphasizes the social, economic, and political forces in this period that have shaped architecture and city design and investigates some of the theories that underlie their form and meaning. Topics include: the architect as philosopher-builder, critical reception of buildings and city plans, new technologies and architectural form, and issues of modern vs. postmodern. Prerequisite: ARTH 1124, 2144, or 2154 and FYS 1104. IV; V
ARTH3164	ARTH	3164	Contemporary Art	Examines a selection of themes and ideas expressed by artists since 1970. Organized as a seminar, discussion will focus not only on artists, the critic, and the viewer, but also on the social, political and economic forces that shape the making and reception of art. Global and regional issues are analyzed here as they are expressed in a variety of new media and venues. Extensive reading assignments raise issues of race, class, and gender and include current critical theories in art. Prerequisite: ARTH 1124 or 2144 and FYS 1104. IV; V
ARTH3624	ARTH	3624	Buddhist Art of Asia	Focusing on the visual arts of India, China, and Japan, this course is a study of the major Buddhist traditions in Asia. Particular attention will be given to Buddhist iconography and the role of the visual arts in Buddhist religious practice and society. Students will also explore the exchanges and influences exerted by Buddhism throughout Asia and examine the distinctive religious expressions within each region. Prerequisite: ARTH 1604, 2624, 2644, or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. IV;V 
ARTH3644	ARTH	3644	Modern and Contemporary Chinese Art	Explores the major artistic developments in China from the late Qing (mid-19th century) to the present. Discussions examine art works in different media and center on the ways in which Chinese artists have defined modernity and their tradition in response to broad changes in Chinese culture over the period. Special attention will be given to the political factors behind the making of works of art, as well as to cross-cultural communication in modern and contemporary China. Prerequisite: ARTH 1604, 2624, or permission of instructor and FYS-1104.  IV; V
ARTH4204	ARTH	4204	Internship in Art History	Supervised placements in organizations that provide professional opportunities and experience. These include museums, establishments concerned with arts administration, architectural firms, and city planning offices. Area of placement and course format decided in consultation with appropriate faculty. Prerequisite: declared art history major; 4 art history courses; junior or senior standing. CR/NC grading. One unit course.
ARTH4208	ARTH	4208	Internship in Art History	Supervised placements in organizations that provide professional opportunities and experience. These include museums, establishments concerned with arts administration, architectural firms, and city planning offices. Area of placement and course format decided in consultation with appropriate faculty. Prerequisite: declared art history major; 4 art history courses; junior or senior standing. CR/NC grading. Two unit course.
ARTH4444	ARTH	4444	Capstone Seminar in Art History	Thorough study of a single period in art history with an emphasis on methodology. This course explores a variety of critical/theoretical issues in the field and culminates in a major research paper. Prerequisites: two of the following: ARTH 3124, 3154, 3164, 3624, 3644, or permission of instructor. IV
ARTSTUDIO1	ART	STUDIO1	Studio Art Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	Studio Art Major/Minor Elective Placeholder Course.
BA1044	BA	1044	Introduction to Business Administration	A study of the functional areas of business including the environmental setting, organizational structure, finance, management, and marketing. Focus on acquiring understanding of the language and entire range of activities known as business. Open to first and second year students only.
BA1054	BA	1054	Introduction to Hospitality Industry and Tourism	A study of the growth, development, and nature of the hospitality industry from early inns to the present. Will provide an understanding of the many facets of hospitality operations by type, discussion of guest relations, basic management principles, the breakdown of the 'front of the house' and 'back of the house' operations, and organization of hospitality management systems. Will include fundamentals of food services and lodging processes, concepts, and principles.
BA2034	BA	2034	Personal Finance	The study of personal finance concepts and principles in setting financial goals, budgeting and cash-flow management, using credit, planning major expenditures, protecting income and assets, making investments, and estate planning.
BA2044	BA	2044	Principles of Food Theory & Preparation	The selection, composition, and preparation of food and the changes that occur during cooking and processing. Development of professional techniques and procedures of quality food production through laboratory experiences. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
BA3014	BA	3014	Marketing Strategies	Examines the marketing process with emphasis on pricing, promotion, placement, and product/service development through the development of a strategic marketing plan. Case analysis and a group project expand on course content and stress managing the marketing process through strategy development. Prerequisites: ACCT 2014 and ECON 2024.
BA3024	BA	3024	Management and Organizational Behavior	An analysis of the interplay between traditional management functions and the attitudes and behaviors of individuals in organizations. Develops the concepts central to management including organization, planning, decision-making, leadership, control, and ethics as well as such critical issues in the management of individuals as personality, motivation, communication, and organizational change. Prerequisites: ACCT 2014 and ECON 2024.
BA3084	BA	3084	Legal Environment of Business	Examines legal, ethical, and regulatory issues in business organizations. Focus is on the American legal system including interaction of government, business, and society, business contracts, and sales. Prerequisite: junior or senior standing or permission of the instructor.
BA3134	BA	3134	Financial Management	Study of valuation procedures for real and financial assets, including risk/return tradeoffs and portfolio effects. Business financial policies derived from valuation theory are applied to capital budgeting, capital structure, and working capital management decisions. Prerequisites: ACCT 2134 and ECON 2104.
BA3154	BA	3154	Investment Analysis	The course emphasizes risk-return tradeoff considerations through a survey of investment alternatives, assessment techniques, and the investment process. In examining risk, a quantitative approach to the appropriate measures of asset-specific and portfolio risk in investment decisions is developed. In examining return, the primary valuation techniques for equity, debt, and derivative assets are examined as well as alternative behavioral and technical evaluation methods. Prerequisites: BA 3134.
BA3174	BA	3174	Consumer Behavior	This course gives students a fundamental understanding of consumer decision-making and its relationship to marketing management. It covers basic concepts and the framework for integrating knowledge of consumer behavior into management decisions. Prerequisite: BA 3014.
BA3184	BA	3184	Human Resource Management	Designed to provide a foundation for the theory, principles, and practice of human resource management through analysis of job requirements, selection techniques, testing programs, wage and salary administration, financial incentive systems, and contemporary legal aspects. Prerequisite: BA 3024.
BA3194	BA	3194	Financial Planning	Examines the tools, factors, and environments relevant to the financial planning process. Designed to enable students to develop socially responsible decision making skills for addressing short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term financial goals and the ability to apply this knowledge to related business situations.  Prerequisite: ACCT 2014 and ECON 2034.
BA3211	BA	3211	Special Topics in Business	Study of a problem area in business not analyzed in other courses. Topic will change and be announced in advance. (1/4 course unit.) Course may be repeated for credit provided different topics are taken. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
BA3212	BA	3212	Special Topics in Business	Study of a problem area in business not analyzed in other courses. Topic will change and be announced in advance. (1/2 course unit.) Course may be repeated for credit provided different topics are taken. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
BA3214	BA	3214	Special Topics in Business	Study of a problem area in business not analyzed in other courses. Topic will change and be announced in advance. (1 course unit.) Course may be repeated for credit provided different topics are taken. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
BA3224	BA	3224	Entrepreneurship	Explores the nature and dynamics of the entrepreneurial process through readings, case studies, class discussions, and student projects. Topics of discussion include idea generation, capital acquisition, market planning, growth and expansion, and operations management. Special attention is directed towards characteristics and behaviors required for successful entrepreneurial activity. Prerequisites: BA 3014,3024, and ACCT 2134.
BA3234	BA	3234	Manager and Employee Communication	Addresses communication skills needed to fully develop people once they have been hired and trained. The areas of human learning, human satisfaction, and supervisory actions and opportunities needed to practice effective manager-employee communication will be covered primarily in a discussion and project format. Prerequisite: BA 3024.
BA3244	BA	3244	International Business	An in-depth analysis of the complexities of doing business across national boundaries. Topics of discussion will include the multinational corporation, foreign direct investment, foreign financial markets, international marketing management, international industrial relations, and global business strategies. Prerequisites: BA 3014 and 3024.
BA3304	BA	3304	Marketing Research	An in-depth introduction to the scientific method as applied to research in the area of marketing. Topical areas include question formulation design, sampling theory, measurement, data collection and analysis, and communication of findings. Practical application is emphasized, and students are required to develop and implement a focused study. Prerequisites: BA 3014 and ECON 2104.
BA3314	BA	3314	Lodging Operations and Management	A study of the theory and its application of the duties, responsibilities, problems, and opportunities encountered within the departments of lodging facilities. Provides a review of every aspect of lodging management and covers all departments from the front office to finance, from marketing to housekeeping. Prerequisite: BA 3014 or BA 3024. 
BA3324	BA	3324	Restaurant Management	A study of the principles of planning, organizing, and controlling required of a successful restaurateur. Investigates the management of customers, operations, and employees in all departments of financially successful food service operations. Prerequisite: BA 3014 or BA 3024.
BA3344	BA	3344	Quantity Food Production Management	The study and application of techniques, standards, and principles of quantity food production and service. Management principles in planning, organizing, staffing, and coordinating the kitchen are experienced through a series of dinners catered by students in the curriculum. Prerequisite: Permission of Instructor.
BA3534	BA	3534	Personal Selling and Sales Management	Principles and practices of personal selling and sales management including selling as a profession, preparation and the process of relationship selling, careers in selling, and managing the salesperson individually and as part of a sales force. Prerequisite: BA 3014 and 3024.
BA3544	BA	3544	Travel and Tourism	Principles and practices of domestic and international tourism and leisure travel industries including cultural aspects, economic and social dimensions, marketing, and research. Prerequisite: BA 3014 and 3024.
BA3554	BA	3554	Event Management & Marketing	The event industry examined from both theoretical and practical perspectives: planning, accounting, operations, management, marketing, and evaluation. Specific discussions related to professional meetings, conventions, conferences, special events, sporting events, festivals, and exhibitions. Prerequisite: BA 3014 and 3024.
BA3564	BA	3564	Beverage Management	An analysis of the bar and beverage industry from both service and management perspectives. Course components integrate mixology knowledge of beer, wine and spirits with the operation of a business serving alcohol. Students must be 21 years of age. Prerequisite: Permission of Instructor.
BA3634	BA	3634	Promotional Strategies	Examines the underlying relationships between consumer behavior and marketing communication theories. Applies all elements of promotion mix (advertising, personal selling, publicity, and sales promotion) to marketing communication function. Integrates promotion strategy with overall marketing program. Prerequisite: BA 3014.
BA3884	BA	3884	Bank Management	Techniques for managing bank funds to achieve profitability, liquidity, and solvency. Features asset and liability management, liquidity planning, short-term investment strategies, evaluating loan requests, customer profitability analysis and loan pricing, global banking activities, and trust operations. Prerequisite: BA 3134.
BA4044	BA	4044	Seminar in Banking	Juniors and seniors who have completed Bank Management interact with local bankers generally at their respective institutions. Current issues and applications of banking principles are discussed with bank officers ranging from specialized personnel to the chief executive officer of the organization. Prerequisite: BA 3884.
BA4084	BA	4084	Business Policy and Strategic Management	An integrating experience to develop an ability to see the enterprise as a system of interdependent functional business disciplines. Using the case-method approach, computer simulations, and current business activities, the course concentrates on the determination and implementation of business strategy. Prerequisites: Senior standing and ACCT-2014,2134, BA-3014,3024, 3084, 3134, and ECON-2024, 2034 and 2104. 
BA4202	BA	4202	Internship	Study of management and economics in operation. Participants interact with management in committee meetings, work with research personnel, and become acquainted generally with a particular business, government office, or research center while doing supervised research on a topic chosen in consultation with the instructor of the course and the agency. (1/2 unit.) May be repeated once for credit. CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
BA4204	BA	4204	Internship	Study of management and economics in operation. Participants interact with management in committee meetings, work with research personnel, and become acquainted generally with a particular business, government office, or research center while doing supervised research on a topic chosen in consultation with the instructor of the course and the agency. (1 unit.) May be repeated once for credit. CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
BA4208	BA	4208	Internship	Study of management and economics in operation. Participants interact with management in committee meetings, work with research personnel, and become acquainted generally with a particular business, government office, or research center while doing supervised research on a topic chosen in consultation with the instructor of the course and the agency. (2 course units.) May be repeated once for credit. CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
BAELECT1	BA	ELECT1	Business Administration Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	Business Administration Major/Minor Elective or Concentration Placeholder Course.
BAELECT2	BA	ELECT2	Business Administration Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	Business Administration Major/Minor Elective or Concentration Placeholder Course.
BIO1164	BIO	1164	Biology and Human Concerns	A study of general biological principles stressing a human perspective. This course will relate the knowledge of biology to pressing social, environmental, medical, and political issues of our time. The course is designed for non-majors and will not count toward a major course requirement in the biology pattern. Lecture and laboratory. II Natural Science
BIO1204	BIO	1204	Integrated Concepts of Biology: Molecules and Cells	An investigation of the core concepts of biology: evolution, information flow, structure and function, homeostasis, and emergent properties of biological system. This course examines these core concepts at the cellular and molecular level. Students will improve competencies in quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, the ability to apply the process of science, and understand the link between science and society. Lecture and laboratory. BIO 1204 and BIO 1206 may be taken in any order. 
BIO1206	BIO	1206	Integrated Concepts of Biology: Organisms and Ecosystems	An investigation of the core concepts of biology: evolution, information flow, structure and function, homeostasis, and emergent properties of biological system. This course examines these core concepts at organismal and ecological levels. Students will improve competencies in quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, the ability to apply the process of science, and understand of the link between science and society. Lecture and laboratory. BIO 1204 and BIO 1206 may be taken in any order.
BIO2014	BIO	2014	Anatomy and Physiology I	An introductory consideration of the structure and function of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and cardiovascular systems with particular reference to the human. This course is designed for exercise science majors and students considering an allied health career. It will not count toward the major course requirement of the biology pattern. Also listed as EXSC 2094. Lecture  and laboratory. Prerequisite: BIO 1164, Exercise Science major, or permission of instructor. IV
BIO2042	BIO	2042	Biologists' Toolkit	How do biologists do science? This course explores the approaches that biologists use to ask and test questions about the natural world. Serving as a transition course, the content and philosophy of the course are designed to introduce students to the skills and habits of mind needed for upper-level biology courses. Core competencies developed include: quantitative reasoning, scientific communication including reading primary literature, writing for science and lay audiences, and ethics in science. (1/2 course unit)Prerequisites: BIO 1204 or 1206. 
BIO2104	BIO	2104	Anatomy and Physiology II	An introductory consideration of the structure and function of the nervous, endocrine, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems with particular reference to the human. This course is designed for exercise science majors and other students interested in an allied health career. The course will not count toward the major course requirements of the biology pattern. Also listed as EXSC 2104. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: BIO 2014 or EXSC 2094. IV
BIO2124	BIO	2124	Field Botany	We will explore the flora of a variety of habitats across Kentucky. Students will become well-versed in taxonomy, nomenclature, identification of plant parts and plant species, methods of plant sampling, and ecological associations. Students will understand factors that shape plant communities including geology, topography, soils, climate, and anthropogenic impacts. Lecture, laboratory, and field study. Prerequisite: BIO 1206. IV
BIO2144	BIO	2144	Tropical Ecology	A May Term travel course that explores firsthand a variety of unique habitats found in the tropics such as rainforests, savannas, and coral reefs. The course also investigates the structure of tropical soils, nutrient cycling, tropical forest dynamics, tropical species diversity, mutualism and habitat conservation. Lecture, laboratory and travel. Prerequisite: BIO 1206. IV
BIO2164	BIO	2164	Ornithology	Investigates the evolution, anatomy, physiology, behavior, ecology, and conservation of birds. Field study will focus on the development of skills for identification of North American bird species with an emphasis on local birds. Students will also conduct a small-scale field research project. Lecture, laboratory, and field trips. Prerequisite: BIO 1206. IV
BIO2424	BIO	2424	Special Topics in Biology	Offers special topics designed to address current issues in biology. Students are required to read original papers and articles on reserve and to discuss materials in class. Topics with prerequisites will vary from year to year. Prerequisite: BIO 1204 and 1206. IV
BIO2504	BIO	2504	Entomology	Students will learn the basic morphology, physiology and taxonomy of this abundant and diverse group of animals. The course will also explore how insects as pollinators, vectors of disease, and/or competitors have influenced human civilization. Students will visit a variety of natural habitats (e.g., ponds, forest, old fields) to capture and identify insects for their collection. Emphasis will be placed on recognizing insects found in Kentucky. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: BIO 1206. IV.
BIO3004	BIO	3004	Selected Topics in Biology	Offers focused study which will address a specialized field in biology. Reading assignments and lectures will be based on original literature. Students will be required to make a presentation on a selected topic. Prerequisites: BIO-2042 and Permission of instructor. IV
BIO3016	BIO	3016	Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy	The study of vertebrate anatomy from an evolutionary and functional perspective. Evolutionary changes in integument, skeleton, muscles, and the various organ systems will be investigated by comparing the anatomy of fossil and living fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Laboratory will include dissection of a variety of specimens and an independently designed project. Lecture and laboratory. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisites: BIO 1204 and 1206. IV
BIO3026	BIO	3026	Developmental Biology	Examination of patterns and mechanisms of embryonic development in various taxa, with a focus on the role of genes and environment. Laboratory projects will emphasize experimental approaches to exploring questions in the field. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: BIO 2042. IV
BIO3034	BIO	3034	Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes	An examination of how the information encoded in molecules drives cellular and organismal function, inheritance, and evolution in eukaryotes. Topics covered include DNA replication, gene regulation, epigenetics, mutation, and genomics. Special emphasis will be placed on current primary literature and how molecular techniques are used to investigate a variety of questions in the field. Lecture and laboratory Prerequisites: BIO 2042 or BIO-1204 and CHEM-2155. IV
BIO3044	BIO	3044	Molecular Genetics of Bacteria	An examination of how the information encoded in molecules drives bacterial function and evolution. The course will focus on the haploid and asexual properties of bacteria as well as how bacteria gain new DNA. Topics covered include bacterial DNA replication, recombination, transcription, gene regulation, mutation, and genomics. Special emphasis will be placed on bacteria as model systems for investigating molecular genetics and will include the study of phage, transposons, and mutant libraries. Lecture and laboratory.  Prerequisite: BIO 2042 or BIO 1204 and CHEM-2155. IV
BIO3046	BIO	3046	Microbiology	A study of the diversity, growth, physiology, structure, evolution and genetics of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The course will explore the beneficial and harmful interactions of microbes with other organisms including interactions with humans that affect health and disease. Other topics include the use of microorganisms in medicine and biotechnology and the treatment and epidemiology of microbial infections. Lectures include discussion of current literature and the laboratory features independent investigations. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: BIO 2042. IV
BIO3056	BIO	3056	Bacterial Pathogenesis	A study of the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens cause disease, the strategies that bacterial pathogens use to survive within their hosts, and the strategies that hosts use to fend off infections. The course includes the study of bacterial structure, physiology, genetics, and how these factors interact with host systems during infection. Other topics include the role of the human microbiome and opportunistic infections in disease. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: BIO 2042. IV
BIO3065	BIO	3065	Animal Physiology	A study of the principles of function of animal organisms emphasizing homeostasis and including organ systems. Lecture and laboratory. Laboratory emphasizes contemporary questions in physiology, quantitative analysis of data, and student-driven research. Prerequisite: 2042. IV
BIO3204	BIO	3204	Animal Behavior	Animals may appear to behave in an unpredictable fashion but research has indicated that most behaviors are evolved adaptive responses to avoiding predators, finding food, selecting a mate or caring for young. We will study animal behavior from an evolutionary perspective and lab involves an independently designed research project that quantitatively evaluates a hypothesis. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: BIO 2042. IV
BIO3224	BIO	3224	Neurobiology	A consideration of the nervous system, with a focus on vertebrates. An emphasis will be placed on neuronal physiology and the structure and function of neural circuits. The course emphasizes experimental design, hypothesis testing, and critical reading of the primary literature. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: BIO 2042 or PSY 3304. IV
BIO3314	BIO	3314	Evolution	Examines the social and scientific history of the theory of evolution from pre-Darwin ideas to the current ideas developed from molecular and developmental biology. Examines how basic elements of the evolutionary processes (e.g., mutation, drift, and selection) can create large scale evolutionary patterns (e.g., adaptations, convergence, symbiosis, and the emergence of diversity). Format: lecture/discussion. Prerequisite: BIO 1204 and 1206. IV
BIO4002	BIO	4002	Supervised Laboratory Teaching in Biology	Practical internship assisting a professor running a biology lab. Under close supervision of the biology instructor, the student plans, prepares, and instructs a laboratory section. Students must have successfully completed the course for the lab they are assisting. Course is open only to juniors and seniors and recommended for those biology majors preparing for graduate school. (1/2 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: 5 course units in biology or permission of instructor
BIO4114	BIO	4114	Immunology	A study of the molecular, genetic, structural and cellular components of the immune system in health and disease. Basic principles of immunology focus on mammalian model systems. Topics will include both innate and adaptive aspects of immunobiology from antigen recognition, to development of lymphocyte repertoires, and evolution of immune systems. Weekly discussions will emphasize analysis of primary literature and case studies. Prerequisite: BIO 1204, 1206, 2042 and either BIO 3034, 3046 or 3065. IV
BIO4144	BIO	4144	Ecology	The study of how organisms interact with their environment and how this affects their distribution and abundance. Both applied and theoretical aspects of ecology will be investigated at the individual, population, community, and ecosystem level. Lecture, laboratory, and field trips. Prerequisites: BIO 2042 and MATH 1144. IV
BIO4212	BIO	4212	Independent Study	A study of the tools and techniques of research, of the use of the library for literature review, and of planning and execution of a research project, with a written report. (1/2 course unit.) May be repeated for a total of 1 unit of credit between 4212 and 4214. CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: BIO 2042 and permission of instructor
BIO4214	BIO	4214	Independent Study	A study of the tools and techniques of research, of the use of the library for literature review, and of planning and execution of a research project, with a written report. (1 course unit) CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: BIO 2042 and permission of instructor
BIO4304	BIO	4304	Advanced Cell Biology	This advanced course is designed for upper-level biology students interested in pursuing questions of complex cellular functions. The biochemical, molecular and physiological details of cell structure and function will be explored. Topics may include structure and function of membranes and organelles, protein trafficking, signal transduction, cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and energy biotransformations. Students will read primary literature and conduct a series of short research projects in the laboratory. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisites: CHEM 2165 and BIO 2042. IV
BIO4432	BIO	4432	Capstone in Biology	The goal of this course is to synthesize and integrate the expertise acquired through the major in a research project. Research may arise from approved research programs or a metaanalysis of published data. Research experiences must be approved by the biology program director and research experiences for which credit was already awarded do not qualify for the capstone. All seniors present the results of their capstone experience in a symposium held in the winter semester. Prerequisites: BIO 1204, 1206, 2042 and senior standing. 1/2 course unit.
BIO4444	BIO	4444	Senior Seminar in Biology	The capstone course for the biology major designed to integrate and expand the student's knowledge of biology. Utilizing a topical theme, the course will explore the realm of biological knowledge, how biology progresses, and how to critically evaluate a field of study. Topics will be explored through lecture, discussion, extensive reading of the primary literature, and a substantial writing assignment. Topic will change year to year and by instructor. Prerequisites: BIO 1044, 2024, and 2304, senior standing and biology major, or permission of instructor. IV
BIO4904	BIO	4904	Senior Honors in Biology	Execution of a research project with an oral and written research report. May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisites: Senior standing, 4 course units in biology, a grade point average of at least 3.0 in biology courses, and permission of instructor.
BIOELECT1	BIO	ELECT1	Biology Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	Biology Major/Minor Elective Placeholder Course.
CHEM1004	CHEM	1004	Chemistry in Society	An introduction to the field of chemistry where the material studied will center on real-world societal problems and issues. These issues are set in their social, political, and economic contexts. Lecture and laboratory. II Natural Science
CHEM1055	CHEM	1055	Principles of Chemistry I	An introduction to chemical concepts and the chemistry of the common elements emphasizing aspects of chemical bonding and energetics. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are included. Lecture and laboratory. II Natural Science
CHEM1065	CHEM	1065	Principles of Chemistry II	A continuation of CHEM 1055. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: CHEM 1055.
CHEM2155	CHEM	2155	Organic Chemistry I	A systematic study of organic compounds emphasizing reaction mechanisms and kinetics. Infrared spectrophotometry is used. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: CHEM 1065. IV
CHEM2165	CHEM	2165	Organic Chemistry II	A continuation of CHEM 2155. Lecture and  laboratory. Prerequisite: CHEM 2155. IV
CHEM2292	CHEM	2292	Special Topics in Chemistry	Recent developments or current topics in any field of chemistry at the sophomore level. Reading assignments and lectures are based to some extent on original articles in the chemical literature. Some laboratory or field work may be expected. May be repeated for credit if topic is different. (1/2 course unit.) Particular instructors may choose standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: CHEM 1055, 1065, or 1004.  
CHEM2294	CHEM	2294	Special Topics in Chemistry	Recent developments or current topics in any field of chemistry at the sophomore level. Reading assignments and lectures are based to some extent on original articles in the chemical literature. Some laboratory or field work may be expected. May be repeated for credit if topic is different. (1 course unit.) Particular instructors may choose standard or CR/NC grading.  Prerequisites: CHEM 1055, 1065, or 1004. IV
CHEM2584	CHEM	2584	Forensic Chemistry	Chemistry in the police lab. A survey of methods and instrumentation used in the criminology laboratory, including drug analysis, alcohol content of blood, trace element analysis, etc. Includes a field trip to the state police laboratory in Frankfort. Mystery stories will be studied to observe whether methods are mentioned or used. Prerequisite: CHEM 1065. IV
CHEM3014	CHEM	3014	Inorganic Chemistry	Based on more detailed inorganic chemistry, including structural chemistry, less familiar elements, and coordination complexes. Lecture only. Prerequisite: CHEM 1065. IV
CHEM3022	CHEM	3022	Advanced Experimental Techniques I Chemistry	Advanced laboratory experiments and laboratory-based research. Techniques may include preparation of inorganic or organometallic compounds, methods of purification, identification, and quantification, atomic or molecular spectroscopy, and studying equilibria or reaction rates. Experiments will be based to some extent on articles in the chemical literature. Themes for the course will vary with instructor, but may include cancer, drugs, food, nutrition, pollution, toxicology, energy, climate, forensics, crime, art, polymers, and materials. Prerequisite: CHEM 1065.
CHEM3032	CHEM	3032	Advanced Experimental Techniques II Chemistry	Advanced laboratory experiments and laboratory-based research. Techniques may include preparation of inorganic or organometallic compounds, methods of purification, identification, and quantification, atomic or molecular spectroscopy, and studying equilibria or reaction rates. Experiments will be based to some extent on articles in the chemical literature. Themes for the course will vary with instructor, but may include cancer, drugs, food, nutrition, pollution, toxicology, energy, climate, forensics, crime, polymers, and materials. Prerequisite: CHEM 1065.
CHEM3044	CHEM	3044	Environmental Chemistry	The study of the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in water, soil, and air environments, as well as the influence of human activities upon these processes. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite:  CHEM 1065. IV
CHEM3084	CHEM	3084	Biochemistry	An introduction to the basic concepts of biochemistry starting with a review of the chemical compounds of biological interest. Discussion of the reactions of these compounds as well as the energetics of their biochemical reactions and the enzymes that catalyze them. This knowledge is then integrated to the carbon, nitrogen, and energy cycles of living systems. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: CHEM 2165 and FYS 1104. IV; V
CHEM3115	CHEM	3115	Quantitative Analytical Chemistry	Representative analyses to demonstrate various chemical laboratory techniques. Topics include volumetric, gravimetric, and spectrophotometric methods of quantitative analysis. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: CHEM 1065. IV
CHEM3125	CHEM	3125	Instrumental Analysis	Chemical analysis based on instrumental methods of separation, identification, and quantification. Special emphasis on infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and chromatography. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: CHEM 1065. IV
CHEM3155	CHEM	3155	Physical Chemistry: Quantum Mechanics	An examination of nature from a quantum mechanical perspective. Students will explore what holds matter together, why matter takes up space, what determines chemical reactivity and how matter interacts with light. Topics will include chemical bonding, atomic and molecular structure, perturbation theory, variational theory, group theory, Hilbert space, and fundamental principles underlying computational chemistry as well as atomic and molecular spectroscopy. Lecture. Prerequisites: CHEM 1065, MATH 1324 and FYS 1104. IV
CHEM3165	CHEM	3165	Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Statistical Mechanics	A study of the fundamental chemical principles that apply to all subdisciplines of chemistry and that underlie our understanding of chemical reactions. Topics will include thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, molecular interactions, reaction dynamics, and reaction mechanisms. Lecture. Prerequisites: CHEM 1065 and MATH 1324. IV
CHEM4002	CHEM	4002	Supervised Laboratory Teaching in Chemistry	Required of teaching chemistry majors. A practical internship on how to run a chemistry laboratory. Under close supervision of the main laboratory instructor, the student assists in planning, instructing, and grading a chemistry laboratory section. (1/2 course unit.) May be repeated (only by teaching chemistry majors) once for credit if subject is different. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: 6 course units in chemistry or permission of instructor.
CHEM4014	CHEM	4014	Selected Topics in Chemistry	Recent developments or current topics in any field of chemistry. Reading assignments and lectures are based to some extent on original articles in the chemical literature. Students are expected to make a presentation of some topic. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. IV
CHEM4212	CHEM	4212	Independent Study	A study of the techniques of research, of the use of the library for literature review, and of planning and carrying out a research project, with a written report. (1/2 course unit.) May be repeated for a total of 2 units of credit between 4212 and 4214. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
CHEM4214	CHEM	4214	Independent Study	A study of the techniques of research, of the use of the library for literature review, and of planning and carrying out a research project, with a written report. (1 course unit.) May be repeated for a total of 2 units of credit between 4212 and 4214. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
CHEM4412	CHEM	4412	Senior Research Seminar I Chemistry	The first course of a two-semester sequence investigating a research problem by reviewing the literature in the library, planning, and carrying out the research in the laboratory or with a computer. The student will choose a topic in consultation with a faculty instructor, prepare an abstract on this topic and present both a written and oral presentation to the class. It will be strongly suggested that the presentation also be prepared to be given at a regional or national convention. This course will be graded CR/NC. This grade will be changed to a letter grade pending successful completion of Senior Research Seminar II. (1/2 course unit.)Prerequisite: Senior standing and a chemistry or biochemistry major.
CHEM4422	CHEM	4422	Senior Research Seminar II Chemistry	The second course of a two-semester sequence investigating a research problem by reviewing the literature in the library, planning, and carrying out the research in the laboratory or with a computer. The student will choose a topic in consultation with a faculty instructor, prepare an abstract on this topic and present both a written and oral presentation to the class. It will be strongly suggested that the presentation also be prepared to be given at a regional or national convention. Upon successful completion of this course, the grade for Senior Research Seminar I will be changed to the letter grade of this course (1/2 unit). Prerequisite: CHEM 4412.
CHEM4904	CHEM	4904	Senior Honors in Chemistry	Carrying out a research project with a written report. May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisites: Senior standing, four courses in chemistry, a grade point average of at least 3.0 in chemistry, and permission of instructor.
CHEMELECT1	CHEM	ELECT1	Chemistry Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	Chemistry Major/Minor Elective Placeholder Course.
CHI1014	CHI	1014	Chinese I	An introduction to Chinese through exploration of the students immediate world, developing beginning proficiency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing.  Students will also begin building an understanding of cultural aspects of Chinese society as it applies to their language learning.  Laboratory required.
CHI1024	CHI	1024	Chinese II	An extension of Chinese I that moves beyond the exploration of the student's immediate world, further developing proficiency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Students will also continue building an understanding of cultural aspects of Chinese society as it applies to their language learning.  Prerequisite: CHI 1014 or equivalent proficiency. Laboratory required.
CHI1034	CHI	1034	Chinese III	An extension of Chinese II that moves beyond the exploration of the student's immediate world, further developing proficiency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Students will also continue building an understanding of cultural aspects of Chinese society as it applies to their language learning.  Prerequisite: CHI 1024 or equivalent proficiency. Laboratory required.
CHI2014	CHI	2014	Advanced Chinese Conversation and Composition	A gateway course for students continuing in advanced-level Chinese courses. Designed for students to become more proficient in five key areas of language acquisition (speaking, reading, writing, listening, and culture), the course provides a thorough review that consists of grammar-based activities in a variety of contexts and language functions. Special attention will also be paid to writing in Chinese: understanding different modes of expression (exposition, narration, description, argumentation) and writing effectively (coherent discourse, lexical flexibility, rhetoric, and style). Prerequisite: CHI 1034. IV
CHI2024	CHI	2024	Chinese/English Translation	Trains students to perform written translation and oral interpretation tasks between Chinese and English language. A variety of texts will be used for translation practice with a focus on semantic analysis, contrastive examinations of differences and similarities between Chinese and English, and the use of translation skills and techniques handling texts of different types. The course guides students to develop intellectual perspectives on the activity of translation and expand topic-based vocabulary. Prerequisite: CHI 1034.  III A; IV
CHI2044	CHI	2044	Chinese Cinema	An introduction to the cinema of mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, with a focus on how social, political and cultural changes in contemporary China find their expressions in film. Students will learn basic skills for interpreting cinematic language, gain an overall view of the development of film in China, and develop a critical understanding of Chinese society and culture through film. Taught in English. No prerequisites. III A or IV
CHI2054	CHI	2054	Introduction to Modern Chinese Literature	In this introductory survey of the literature of twentieth century China, students will read English translations of representative works by major writers from primary literary genres, while selected documentaries and feature films will enrich students' reading experience. This course offers literary and historical background in the periods from the 1910s, the May Fourth Movement, the Anti-Japanese War, the socialist construction, the Cultural Revolution, to the liberalization of the post-Mao era. The approach will sensitize students to radical changes in Chinese society, and help them appreciate the artistry and diversity of modern literary works. IV
CHI2064	CHI	2064	The Chinese Cultural Heritage-Readings In Art, Literature and History	An advanced extensive reading course in Chinese language with cultural integration. This course is specially designed to integrate cultural learning into language training by turning cultural context into text. Through reading a wide range of topics that cover different aspects of Chinese culture, students will find themselves deeply immersed in the very fabric of Chinese culture that governs personal behavior and directs social dynamics, while continuing to develop Chinese language skills at an advanced level. Prerequisite: CHI-1034.  III A; IV
CHI2224	CHI	2224	The Otherworldly-An Introduction to Chinese Culture	An introduction to the fundamental aspects of Chinese culture including Chinese history, thought, religions, politics, economics, language, literature, arts, people, society, and general ways of life. In addition to the textbook and selected readings, the course offers viewing of a sizable number of videos on aspects of high culture and that of popular culture covering daily life, religious activities, festivals, customs, costumes, cuisines, traditional medicine, martial arts, and folk art. Taught in English. No prerequisites. III A or IV
CHI2294	CHI	2294	Special Topics	Study of an area involving the language, literature, or culture not fully treated in other Chinese courses.  Topics change and will be announced in advance.  May be repeated for credit if the topic is different.  IV
CLA1014	CLA	1014	Introduction to Greek and Roman Mythology	Presents an introduction to the major figures, myths, and themes in Greek and Roman mythology. We will consider how ancient and modern writers, artists, and thinkers have used this mythology in their works. Attention also will be given to modern theories of myth and to the relation of myth to religion/cult and politics in the ancient world. II Humanities
CLA2024	CLA	2024	Spartacus: Slaves and Gladiators	Between 73 and 71 BCE, Spartacus, a Thracian gladiator, led the largest slave revolt in the ancient world. This course examines the historical record and the myths, both ancient and modern, surrounding this great story. Special attention to slavery and the institution of gladiatorial games in the Roman world. Also listed as HIST-2024. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV;V. 
CLA2114	CLA	2114	Classics and Film	This course considers the representation of the ancient Mediterranean world in film and television. We will watch and discuss both films that focus on historical periods and films focusing on Greek and Roman literary texts. The readings will include ancient literary texts, as well as modern literary and film criticism.   IV
CLA2144	CLA	2144	The Roman Empire	A survey of Roman history from the beginnings of the principate through the late antique period (i.e., first-sixth centuries A.D.) with an emphasis on Roman political and social institutions, the definition of citizenship, and the problem of unity in a multicultural society.  Also listed as HIST 2244. IV
CLA2234	CLA	2234	The Literature of the Greco-Roman World	A survey of ancient Greek and Latin literature in translation, which studies different genres and major themes, and examines authors in their historical contexts and in the Greco-Roman literary tradition. The course will focus on how authors use Greco-Roman mythology to explore complex issues. Some attention will be given to ancient literary criticism and to the modern reception of this literature. II Humanities or IV
CLA2244	CLA	2244	Gender and Sexuality in Greece and Rome	An interdisciplinary study of gender and sexuality, in theory and practice, in the Greco-Roman world.  Students will examine both written and archaeological evidence for the lives of women, homoeroticism, masculinity, and other aspects of humanity sexuality in antiquity and the modern ramifications.   IV
CLA2294	CLA	2294	Special Topics	Study of aspects of the Greco-Roman world not fully treated in other classics courses. May be repeated for credit. Standard or CR/NC grading. IV
CLA2514	CLA	2514	Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy	Examines the dawn of philosophy in ancient Greece: the early natural philosophers, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and the Hellenistic world views; the relationship of philosophy to art and science; and the meanings of Greek philosophical experience for modern times. Standard or CR/NC grading.  Also listed as PHIL 2514.  III B or IV
CLA2524	CLA	2524	Ancient Greek and Roman Political Theory	This course will provide an introduction to several of the most influential political theories and models developed during Greek and Roman antiquity. In particular, we will read widely in authors such as Plato, Aristotle, Cicero and others, paying special attention to their historical and political contexts. We will also discuss the reception of Greek and Roman political thought in contemporary political theory.   IV
CLA2834	CLA	2834	Ancient Polis	This course examines the ideal of the good life in the ancient city, as refined in thought, articulated in a structured environment, and developed across cultures and over time. Also listed as ANTH-2834, HIST-2834, PHIL-2834.  IV
CLA3224	CLA	3224	Augustan Rome	An in-depth and interdisciplinary study of Rome during the Augustan Age (40 BCE-14CE). Topics include literature, art, architecture, the legislation and the policies of the Augustan regime, and the cultural model this period set in western civilization. Prerequisite: CLA 2234 or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. IV; V
CLA3234	CLA	3234	Ancient Drama	An in-depth study of Greek and Roman dramatic literature and theatrical production. Playwrights include Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, Plautus, Terence and Seneca. Prerequisite: CLA 1014 or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. IV; V
CLA3244	CLA	3244	The Twelve Caesars	A study of the force of the emperor's personality on the course of Roman history. With a look back at the career of Julius Caesar, the course examines the lives and policies of the Caesars from Augustus to Domitian. Study of Suetonius' Lives of the Caesars and Tacitus' Annals and Histories and discussion of the conventions of ancient biography and historiography. Prerequisite: HIST 2244.  IV
CLA3294	CLA	3294	Special Topics in Classics	Advanced coursework that treats with greater depth topics and authors covered in other classics courses. Topics and authors may change from term to term and are announced in advance. While prerequisites will be expected, they will vary depending on course topic. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic/author is different. IV
CLA3304	CLA	3304	Religion in Ancient Greece	Surveys the religious belief, cult and ritual of the Greeks from the Minoan period through the Hellenistic. It presumes some knowledge of ancient myth, and will draw upon archeological, iconic and narrative evidence to investigate concepts and practice in social context. Prerequisite: CLA 1014 or permission of instructor. IV
CLA4444	CLA	4444	Capstone Seminar	An interdisciplinary seminar focusing on an important cultural period in the Greco-Roman world and directing students in the use of different tools of classical scholarship in assessing primary evidence pertaining to key topics in contemporary research. Written project and presentation. Topics and the target period may vary. Prerequisite: advanced junior or senior major standing. IV
CS1014	CS	1014	Information and Communications Technology	How to find, use, manage, evaluate and convey information efficiently and effectively in an information-driven environment. Focus is on the ability to use technology as a tool to research, organize, evaluate and communicate information. Sources of digital information covered include, but are not limited to, text, sound, images, and video.
CS1044	CS	1044	Computation and Technology in Western Thought	Computation relies on algorithms. These are simply precise, step-by-step instructions for solving a problem, but they have been foundational in the development of Western science, philosophy, and culture. The history of the algorithm is presented, its impact is tracked through a 400- year period, and a study of what can and cannot be accomplished with it is presented. III B
CS1124	CS	1124	Foundations of Computer Science	An introduction to the field of computer science. Computer hardware, computer software, programming languages, and present and future uses of the computer will be considered. Topics will include algorithm development and analysis, algorithm efficiency, the binary number system, circuits, gates, basics of computer architecture, assembly language programming, and an introduction to translating language programming. II Natural Science
CS2124	CS	2124	Logic and Problem Solving	A continuation of Computer Science 1124 with emphasis on logic in problem solving, algorithm design, the syntax of translating languages, and mastery of the language C++. Prerequisite: CS 1124 or MATH 1304. IV
CS2144	CS	2144	Computer Organization	Designed to give the computer science major a new view of the operation of a modern digital computer. The course focuses on the hardware implementation of computing devices. The binary number system, basic logic design, memory, control, I/O, and arithmetic units will be covered. The student will be introduced to the MIPS assembly language as a tool to explore these issues. Prerequisite: CS 1124. IV
CS2212	CS	2212	Independent Study	Readings, research, and system building on an approved topic. (1/2 course unit.) May be repeated once for credit. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.
CS2344	CS	2344	Discrete Structures	Basic mathematical topics used in the study of computer science will be considered.  Topics will include logic; sets, sequences, and functions; mathematical induction; algorithms and basic analysis of algorithms; permutations, combinations and discrete probabilities; recurrence relations; trees; Boolean algebras; and combinatorial circuits.  Prerequisite: MATH 1304 or permission of instructor.  IV
CS2444	CS	2444	Data Structures	Includes the study of strings, lists, graphs, trees, and files. Sorting, searching, and memory management will be analyzed for minimizations. Prerequisite: CS 2124. IV
CS3014	CS	3014	Computer Graphics	An introduction to computer graphics hardware, software, and algorithms for both two- and three-dimensions. Topics include scan-line algorithms, affine transformations, clipping, projections, lighting models, texture mapping, and surfaces. Interactive and animation techniques are studied. Prerequisite: CS 2444. IV
CS3024	CS	3024	Compiler Construction	Students learn the detailed procedure necessary in compiler construction. A two-phase compiler will be written. Reverse Polish and other algebraic interpreters are included. Prerequisite: CS 2444. IV
CS3074	CS	3074	Netcentric Computing	Designed to familiarize students with the modern view of an interconnected system of computers. The focus is on the underlying networks and the requirements of the operating system to support communication. Topics include hardware, software, deadlock, storage, process scheduling, TCP/IP protocol, and security. Java and C++ will be used to implement the algorithms presented in the course. Prerequisites: CS 2144 and 2444. IV
CS3114	CS	3114	Special Topics in Computer Science	Study of computer hardware, computer software, and the integration of hardware and software. Emphasis on current issues in computing and topics not fully treated in other computer courses. May be repeated for credit. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: CS 2124 and permission of instructor. IV
CS3144	CS	3144	Database Management Systems	Organizations are accumulating vast volumes of data, mainly due to the use of technology.  This course will cover topics such as the design, maintenance, and delivery systems used in information systems, with some specific topics being data retrieval, data mining, and data modeling. Prerequisite: CS 2444  IV
CS3164	CS	3164	Interface Programming	Explores the capabilities of a scripting language for interfacing with system commands, Internet applications, networking applications, and databases.  Special attention is given to Internet security issues and accessing databases via a network. Prerequisite: CS 2444  IV
CS3234	CS	3234	Principles of Programming Languages	There are generally considered to be four major 'families' of computer languages - procedural, functional, object-oriented, and logical. Each represents a different paradigm, which a programmer must be familiar with in order to write code in a variety of languages. This course takes a theoretical approach to teaching the similarities and differences among the four families by examining what can be computed. Regular expressions, context-free grammars, context-sensitive grammars, and Turing machines are used in this analysis. Prerequisite: CS 2344. IV
CS3304	CS	3304	Numerical Analysis	An investigation of numerical methods for computer solutions of applied problems. Topics include review of calculus, round-off errors and computer arithmetic, solutions of equations in one variable, interpolation and polynomial approximation, approximation theory, and numerical differentiation and integration. Prerequisites: MATH 1324 or permission of instructor. Also listed as MATH 3304. IV
CS3344	CS	3344	Computational Theory	Examines the mathematical foundations of computer science with respect to both hardware and software.  Through discussion on formal languages, NP versus P, algorithmic analysis, and data structure design, students will learn how to determine what can and cannot be computed and what efficiency a particular approach offers.  Both concrete and philosophical approaches and results will be considered.  Prerequisite: CS 2344.  IV
CS3424	CS	3424	Robotics	Introduces the student to both the hardware and software sides of mobile robotics. The fields of physics and biology will be mined for ideas concerning the design of the devices; navigations, mapping, vision, and voice recognition will be covered. Students will gain hands-on experience with a variety of robotic platforms in both lab settings and out-of-class work.  Prerequisite: CS 2444.  IV
CS3434	CS	3434	Machine Intelligence	Familiarizes the student with the growing field of artificial intelligence. The course will describe what artificial intelligence is, how it is presently being used, and its future uses. Students will learn to design artificial intelligence systems, such as game systems and production systems. Prerequisite: CS 2444, PHIL 1024, or PSY 1004 and FYS 1104. Also listed as PHIL 2434. IV; V
CS3444	CS	3444	Mental Organs	By viewing the mind as a powerful digital computer, the interdisciplinary approach known as cognitive science is unlocking secrets about thought that have puzzled humans for millennia. This seminar will provide the vocabulary, background, and skills that are needed to appreciate this interdisciplinary area. Students will investigate the narrative structure of thought and language, analyze how humans can be said to have free will, and explore the nature and limits of morality. Prerequisite: CS 2444, PHIL 1024, 2514, 2554, or PSY 2404. Also listed as PHIL 3444. IV;V
CS4204	CS	4204	Internship	A program offering students supervised instruction in a non-classroom setting. (1 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing.
CS4208	CS	4208	Internship	A program offering students supervised instruction in a non-classroom setting. (2 course units.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing.
CS4214	CS	4214	Independent Study in Computer Science	Readings, research, and computer simulations on an approved topic. May be repeated once for credit. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing.
CS4314	CS	4314	Senior Honors in Computer Science	A primarily independent study of a topic chosen by the student in consultation with a professor. Library and research facilities will be employed. May be taken for credit more than once. Prerequisites: Senior standing, 6 course units in computer science with at least a 3.0 grade point average, and the presentation of a satisfactory project proposal.
CS4444	CS	4444	Senior Project in Computer Science	This seminar course will teach the student the methodology of managing an extensive research project, which will be chosen from their area of concentration. After an initial exploration of the topic, the student will focus on a specific problem to solve through the development of a significant computer project. Part of this development will focus on the evaluation of the final result with respect to the problem chosen. Prerequisite: senior standing in computer science. IV
CSELECT1	CS	ELECT1	Computer Science Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	Computer Science Major/Minor Elective Placeholder Course.
ECON1004	ECON	1004	Introduction to Economics	Introduction to microeconomic and macroeconomic concepts and theories. Includes an overview of the microeconomic theories of consumer behavior, decision-making by the business firm, market structures and resource markets; and the macroeconomic theories of national income determination, employment, inflation, money and the banking system, and the world economy. II Social Science
ECON2024	ECON	2024	Principles of Microeconomics	A study of the microeconomic analysis of the individual firm and consumer, price determination, and market structures. II Social Science or IV
ECON2034	ECON	2034	Prin of Macroeconomics	A study of the macroeconomic analysis of the economy and its banking system, income determination and its fluctuation, and monetary and fiscal policies. II Social Science or IV
ECON2104	ECON	2104	Economics & Business Statistics	Applications of statistical models and techniques to analyze data with specific relevance to economic and business problems. Topics will include probability, estimation, hypothesis testing, correlation, analysis of variance, and regression. Prerequisites: MATH 1034 or 1304. IV
ECON3034	ECON	3034	Money and Banking	A study of the economics of money, banking, financial markets, and the role of U.S. monetary policy in macroeconomic stabilization and economic growth. Topics include financial markets and institutions, central banking system, monetary theory and policy. Emphasizes the role of the Federal Reserve System and its policies in maintaining economic growth and stability. Prerequisite: ECON 2034. IV
ECON3054	ECON	3054	Microeconomics - Theory and Applications	Development of the microeconomic theory of decision-making by households and business firms. Special emphasis on applications of the theory of the firm to business situations. Prerequisites: ECON 2024. IV
ECON3074	ECON	3074	Macroeconomic Theory and Policy	Study of macroeconomic theories, monetary and fiscal policy. Analysis of the factors that determine the economy's aggregate output, employment, interest rates, and general price level. Topics include unemployment, inflation, business cycles, and economic growth. Current issues and controversies in macroeconomics, including issues in macroeconomic stabilization policies and international macroeconomics. Prerequisites: ECON 2034. IV
ECON3094	ECON	3094	Econometrics	This course is designed to teach students how to use introductory econometric models and techniques, providing them with the basic tools of econometric analysis so students can apply these tools for estimation, inference, and forecasting in the context of real world economic problems. Topics include regression analysis, model specification, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, maximum likelihood, and simultaneous equations models. The emphasis of the course is on the practical applications of econometric methods to economic analysis. (Taught in alternate winter terms) Prerequisites: ECON 2024, 2034, and 2104.
ECON3114	ECON	3114	Special Topics in Economics	The study of a school of thought, issue, policy application, or an individual not fully treated in other courses. Topics change from term to term and are announced in advance. May be repeated for credit provided different topics are covered. Prerequisites: ECON 2024 and 2034 or permission of instructor. IV
ECON3134	ECON	3134	Public Finance	Examines the economic justification for government participation in a market economy and evaluates government activities from the standpoint of economic efficiency. Topics include public goods, externalities, market failure, public choice analysis, expenditure programs, transfer programs, taxation, and regulation. Prerequisite: ECON 2024. IV
ECON3144	ECON	3144	International Trade and Finance	A study of theory and policy of international economic relations. Topics include international trade theory, international trade policy, and international monetary economics. Analysis of trade models, regional economic integration, the balance of payments, international capital flows, exchange rate theories, the evolution of the international financial system, open economy macroeconomic policy, and contemporary issues in the global economy. Prerequisite: ECON 2024 and ECON 2034. IV
ECON4004	ECON	4004	Independent Study	Designed to provide advanced undergraduates with experience in independent, self-directed study in which they initiate, plan, and direct their own research activities under the supervision and guidance of a member of the economics program faculty. A proposal for study must be submitted before the beginning of the term during which it is to take place, and it must be approved by both the supervising faculty member and the economics program director. Prerequisites: ECON 2024, 2034, and 5 units in economics or a related discipline.
ECON4044	ECON	4044	History of Economic Thought	A study of the origins of modern economic thought. Explores the historical development of economic theories from ancient to modern times, with emphasis on how these theories evolved into our present understanding of economics. Critical analysis of the evolution of key economic ideas by examining main contributions of the most outstanding economists in each period of economic thought. Topics include classical, Marxian, neoclassical, institutional, and Keynesian economics. Prerequisites: ECON 2024, 2034 and FYS 1104. IIIB or IV; V
ECON4204	ECON	4204	Internship	A program offering students supervised practical experience in applied economics. Each internship is jointly supervised by an economics faculty member and a professional in a business or government organization. Research on a topic chosen in consultation with the faculty member will be required. (1 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing and permission of instructor.
ECON4208	ECON	4208	Internship	A program offering students supervised practical experience in applied economics. Each internship is jointly supervised by an economics faculty member and a professional in a business or government organization. Research on a topic chosen in consultation with the faculty member will be required. (2 course units.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing and permission of instructor.
ECON4884	ECON	4884	Seminar in Economics	The capstone course for economics majors. Research and analysis of major issues in the field of economics. This seminar will address questions of philosophical approach, scientific methodology, and interaction with other disciplines. Prerequisites: ECON 3054 or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. IV; V
ECONELECT1	ECON	ELECT1	Economics Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	Economics Major/Minor Elective Placeholder Course.
EDU1004	EDU	1004	Foundations of Education	This course provides an introduction to the social, cultural, and philosophical foundations of education in the United States. It explores education as a discipline that asks and answers questions, such as the following: What is knowledge? How is knowledge known? How has knowledge been defined in educational settings in the United States? How have ideas from social theory, philosophy, sociology, cultural studies, and psychology influenced the discipline of education? What theories and philosophies about human learning and human identity have emerged from the discipline of education? This course will also explore the questions and debates about schools in contemporary US society. Requires field hours in a school setting.
EDU2014	EDU	2014	Schooling in U.S. Culture: History, Philosophies, and Diversity	Historically situates current American schools while examining disparate philosophic ideas that have informed schooling practices in the past and now.  Issues related to the institution of schooling in a complex and culturally diverse society form an integral part of the course:  a major part of the course requires students to view schools through the lenses of dominated populations. Field Work required, Prerequisite: FYS-1004 and 1104.IV; V
EDU2024	EDU	2024	Children's Literature	Students will become familiar with literature appropriate for children from preschool through middle school. They will study authors and illustrators of high quality literature and their works, various literary genres, and strategies for introducing literature to children and for integrating it into the curriculum. Students will complete individual or group projects related to literary strategies. Prerequisite: PSY 1004, EDU 1004, or permission of instructor. IV
EDU2084	EDU	2084	Literature for Young Adults	For many young people, the love of reading tends to dissipate after the elementary years. By exploring the rather explosive genre of adolescent literature and its body of research and scholarship, students can discover new pleasures in reading, and along the way, insights into life's most perplexing issues for young people. Students will read numerous novels written for a young adult audience, and they will respond to them in writing and through discussion. Common themes of these novels include alienation, AIDS, homophobia, racism, dysfunctional families, sexual abuse, body image, teenage pregnancy, violence, and suicide. In addition, topics such as censorship, bibliotherapy, and reader response theory will be explored. IV
EDU2094	EDU	2094	Standards Based Instruction	There are four strands to this course: standards and the standards-driven reform movements, assessment, educational technology, and differentiated instruction for diverse learners. Students will become familiar with the major issues in each of these broad areas and will learn to evaluate them critically. Students will also demonstrate at least an acceptable proficiency with technological applications commonly used in schools. Prerequisite: EDU 2164; Admission to Education Program strongly recommended. Field work in school setting required and lab.
EDU2104	EDU	2104	The Teaching of Mathematics I	Provides a foundation for the teaching of mathematics for students in grades K-8. Examines current theories related to the teaching of mathematics with a focus on examining mathematics content and the intersection of a conceptual understanding of school mathematics with best practices for teaching mathematics. Topics include mathematics content and pedagogy, the discourse of mathematics, the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics, and trends in the teaching of school mathematics.  
EDU2164	EDU	2164	Learning Theory and Pedagogy Climates	Building upon the foundations course, this class will examine various learning theories and the pedagogies that are appropriate for implementing them. Students will integrate knowledge of human development, culturally responsive teaching, constructivism, and critical theory into both theoretical and applied applications. Students will learn how curriculum and instruction reflect particular theories and philosophies, thus preparing them to create meaningful learning environments and experiences for K-12 students, including those for exceptional learners. Requires 15 field hours and a lab. Prerequisite: EDU 1004 or permission of instructor.
EDU2204	EDU	2204	Enculturation in Non-Western Societies	This course studies how children become capable adult members of their societies. Readings will include ethnographic studies, mythology, and folklore. Topics include models and theories of enculturation, family types, kinship systems, initiation rituals, rites of passage, child-rearing practices, personality and culture, and models of cultural transmissions. This is an elective course. Prerequisite: sophomore standing. III A
EDU2314	EDU	2314	Gender and Children's Literature	Acquaints the student with issues related to the construction of gender in literature for children and young adults. The focus may change from term to term, so that gender issues in specific genres can be explored in-depth. Students will complete group projects and reflections on films and readings. Prerequisite: EDU 1004, 2024, WS 1004 or permission of instructor. Also listed as WGS 2314. IV
EDU2414	EDU	2414	Immigration and Linguistic Diversity in US Schools	Examines issues related to children and youth who represent linguistic and cultural diversity within American schools and society. Students engage in a study of the experiences of immigrant populations and US born children of immigrants living in the United States. The course examines sociocultural, sociopolitical, and socioeconomic factors in order to better understand the experiences of children and youth who often must straddle two (or more) conflicting worlds as they make their way through the US education system. Field work in schools involving children from immigrant populations is a requirement. Prerequisite: FYS 1004 and FYS 1104. IV;V
EDU3034	EDU	3034	Literacy in Written and Spoken Languages for Learners in Primary Schools	Familiarizes teacher education students with the cognitive and linguistic foundations of literacy development with an emphasis on the primary school child. Students will become acquainted with various programs of reading and language arts instruction, but the balanced literacy approach will be emphasized. Students will construct integrated learning experiences that foster language development and promote increased skill in reading, writing, and speaking. They will learn how to integrate literacy activities into specific subject areas such as mathematics, social studies, science, and art. Study of children's literary texts, both fiction and nonfiction, will be emphasized. Requires 10 field hours and lab. Prerequisite: Admission to Education Program or permission of program director.
EDU3054	EDU	3054	Instructional Strategies and Content Area Literacy for Learners in Middle and Secondary Schools	Familiarizes the teacher education student with the cognitive and linguistic foundations of literacy development with an emphasis on language development of the middle and secondary school student. Various programs of reading and language arts instruction are viewed, but the whole language method is emphasized. In addition, the course emphasizes instructional methods which support learning in middle and/or secondary school environments. The teacher education student will construct integrated learning experiences which foster language development and promote increased communication skill in reading, writing, and speaking. Students learn about integrating literacy activities with content area learning in specific subject areas such as mathematics, history, biology, English, foreign language, and other subject areas of middle and secondary school environments. Study of texts, both fiction and non-fiction, written for adolescents and/or young adults is emphasized. Requires 8 field hours and lab. Prerequisite: Admission to Education Program or permission of instructor.
EDU3074	EDU	3074	Interactive, Integrative Learning Climates	Students will learn how to prepare and assess interactive learning experiences that integrate various subject concepts and processes appropriate for diverse learning levels. Attention will be given to selecting, integrating, and translating knowledge and methodology from the social sciences, music, art, and literature into activities that are appropriate for learners, including those with exceptionalities. Students will also learn to be sensitive to gender and ethnic issues. Professors from other disciplines collaborate in teaching this course. Requires 8 field hours and lab. Prerequisite: Admission to Education Program or permission of program director.
EDU3084	EDU	3084	Inquiry-Based Learning Climates	Focuses on teaching science in the elementary classroom with an emphasis on both science content (science topics appropriate for elementary learners recommended by state and national standards) and on pedagogy.  Major topics include children as scientists, constructivism in science education, and the role of discourse in science teaching, science processes, science for diverse populations, technology, and assessment of student learning.  An additional course theme also focuses on children's health and wellness in contemporary society.  Requires 10 field hours and lab. Prerequisite: Admission to the education program or permission of program director.
EDU3104	EDU	3104	The Teaching of Mathematics II	Extends student's knowledge for the teaching of mathematics for students in grades K-8. Examines current theories and best practice related to the teaching of mathematics in school contexts with a focus on planning and executing mathematics lessons in the classroom. Students continue to explore mathematics content and pedagogy; however, with an added emphasis on current trends in mathematics education research, culturally responsive practices for mathematics teaching, and response to differentiation in the planning of mathematics instruction. Prerequisite: EDU 2104 and Admission to the Education Program or Permission of Instructor.
EDU3124	EDU	3124	Young Adolescents: Preparing to Teach in the Middle Level	Prepares prospective teachers to develop a comprehensive understanding of the development of young adolescents. Attention will focus on the physical, social, emotional, intellectual, and moral characteristics and risk behaviors of young adolescents as expressed in both social and school contexts. This understanding becomes part of a rationale for and the function of middle-level philosophy. Prospective teachers will develop an understanding of their roles as middle-level teachers, coaches, mentors, sponsors, and guides who understand and can facilitate healthy growth and development of young adolescents. They will also develop an understanding of the design of appropriate middle-school learning environments including flexible grouping and scheduling, teacher-based guidance programs, electives, exploratory experiences, clubs, community service, and work with families. Requires 10 field hours. Prerequisite: Admission to Education Program or permission of instructor.
EDU3134	EDU	3134	Creating Middle Level Learning Experiences	Focuses on preparing prospective teachers to create interactive middle level learning experiences that are developmentally and culturally responsive. Prospective teachers will develop instruction that incorporates a recognition of individual learning differences by utilizing multiple approaches to thinking and learning. Requires 10 field hours. Prerequisite: Admission to Education Program or permission of instructor.
EDU3204	EDU	3204	Philosophy of Education	Examines recurring philosophic questions related to the nature and purposes of knowledge and formal education systems through the study of classic and contemporary philosophic texts.  Educational theories, curriculum matters, and other schooling controversies will be analyzed in light of the disparate philosophic theories. The question of what it means to be an educated person will be the focus of the course. Prerequisite: EDU 2014. Also listed as PHIL 3204. IV
EDU3244	EDU	3244	Practicum in Learning Experiences	Designed for students to gain actual classroom experience by planning, organizing, developing, delivering, and assessing instruction in the grade level(s) of their certification. When possible, teaching segments will be videotaped, and students will be evaluated by cooperating classroom teachers and the college supervisor. Students will spend 3 weeks of full-day teaching in the classroom with on-campus seminars before, during, and after the 3 week experience. Students should enroll in this course during May term of their junior year. CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Admission to Education Program and junior standing.
EDU3294	EDU	3294	Special Topics in Education	Advanced study of a topic or area of inquiry that has not been treated fully in other education courses.  Topics may be based in educational theory, philosophy, history, or practice.  They may also be related to an examination of a current trend or philosophical world view that has direct impact on the discipline of education or may reflect timely research trends within the field of education.  Travel courses that involve a study of comparative education or other relevant topics may be included.  Topics will vary and will be announced in advance.  This course may be repeated for credit if the topic is different. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: EDU 2014
EDU3314	EDU	3314	Readings in Peace Education	A study of peace from a variety of disciplinary viewpoints. Readings and other materials encourage students to question the rationale(s) for war and analyze arguments made for solving conflicts in ways that promote peace. Theories and definitions related to violence, nonviolence, war, and pacifism, as well as positive and negative peace will be explored. The theoretical emphasis of the course focuses on the carving out of appropriate epistemologies that develop an education for peace. Prerequisite: Junior standing or permission of instructor.  Also listed as IDS 3314. IV
EDU3414	EDU	3414	Race, Ethnicity, Social Class in American Education	Examines American education within the broader scope of race, ethnicity, and social class. Success in American society is influenced by racial, ethnic, and/or social class status. Students will examine how such status differences manifest themselves within American public education; an institution purported to provide equal opportunity regardless of race, ethnicity, and/or social class. Other issues addressed are identity development of culturally diverse children, the impact of poverty on education, school funding, tracking, culturally relevant teaching, and how standard school practices influence students from historically underrepresented populations. Prerequisites: Completion of Area II Social Science, EDU 2014 and FYS-1104. IV; V
EDU3424	EDU	3424	Women in Education	Examines the impact of women on philosophical foundations in the field of education and the subtle forms of sexism that undermine the education of girls and young women in current educational contexts. Students will examine work of historical and contemporary women philosophers to understand their unique contributions to the field of education. Students will also examine developmental needs of girls and current research on gender inequities within schools. Prerequisites: Completion of Area II Social Science, EDU 2014 and FYS 1104. Also listed as WS 3424. IV;V
EDU3434	EDU	3434	Art Pedagogy	This P-12 school-based course provides an opportunity for the art education student to collaborate with an in-service art teacher to design and implement instruction. A bi-weekly meeting with the college supervisor allows time for discussion of theories that ground art pedagogy. A minimum of three hours per week must be spent at the P-12 school. A portfolio of age- appropriate, art activities is required. Prerequisites: Admission to the Teacher Education Program and EDU 2164.
EDU4012	EDU	4012	Independent Study	Intensive study, through research and/or internship, of an educational issue or of special educational techniques and programs. Prerequisite: Senior Standing.
EDU4014	EDU	4014	Independent Study	Intensive study, through research and/or internship, of an educational issue or of special educational techniques and programs. Prerequisite: Senior standing. 1/2 or 1 unit.
EDU4114	EDU	4114	Supervised Teaching in High School	Open to seniors who are meeting requirements for a teacher's certificate in secondary education. Includes seminar. (4 course units.) Prerequisites: Permission of instructor, recommendation of major department, admission to Teacher Education Program, 2.75 grade point average in major(s) and minor(s), 2.75 grade point average in professional education courses, an overall grade point average of 2.75, and approval of Teacher Education Advisory Board.
EDU4204	EDU	4204	Educational Studies Internship	Supervised placement of students in education- related organizations or agencies that provide students with the opportunity to apply information from their courses in a practical context. Students choose an appropriate organization or agency in consultation with a faculty member. 1 course unit. CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Junior standing, educational studies major, and permission of instructor. A total of 1 course unit may be counted toward major requirements.
EDU4214	EDU	4214	Supervised Teaching in Elementary School	Open to seniors who are meeting requirements for a teacher's certificate in grades P-5. Includes seminar. (4 course units.) Prerequisites: Permission of instructor, departmental recommendation, admission to Teacher Education Program, 2.75 grade point average in an area of emphasis (fine arts and humanities for students using core requirements for completion of an approved area of emphasis), 2.75 grade point average in professional education courses, an overall grade point average of 2.75, and approval of Teacher Education Advisory Board.
EDU4314	EDU	4314	Supervised Teaching: Twelve Grades	Open to seniors who are meeting requirements for teacher certification for 12 grades in art, music, French, or Spanish. Includes seminar. (4 course units.) Prerequisites: Permission of instructor, recommendation of major department, admission to Teacher Education Program, 2.75 grade point average in major(s) and minor(s), 2.75 grade point average in professional education courses, an overall grade point average of 2.75, and approval of Teacher Education Advisory Board.
EDU4414	EDU	4414	Supervised Teaching: Middle Grades 5-9	Open to seniors who are meeting requirements for teacher certification for middle grades 5-9. Includes seminar. (4 course units.) Prerequisites: Permission of instructor, departmental recommendation, admission to the Teacher Education Program, 2.75 grade point average in both areas of emphasis, 2.75 grade point average in professional education courses, an overall grade point average of 2.75, and approval of Teacher Education Advisory Board.
EDU4514	EDU	4514	Senior Seminar	The senior capstone for education and educational studies majors is designed to engage students of the discipline in a topical theme that explores the theoretical and practical aspects of teaching and learning. Students will experience a topic in education through selected readings, discussion, writing assignments and/or special projects. Topic will change year to year and by instructor and could involve a travel component. Prerequisites: senior standing and education or educational studies major, or permission of instructor.
EDUELECT1	EDU	ELECT1	Education Major Elective Placeholder	Education Major Elective Placeholder
ELECT1004	ELECT	1004	Elective	Placeholder course for Student Planning
ENG1074	ENG	1074	Perspectives on Literature	An introductory course in literature designed to guide students' critical thinking about literary works of various kinds, prose, fiction, poetry, and drama. Students will be given practice in discerning the distinctive features of individual texts, while developing their sense of literature's role in cultural life. Limited to first-year students and sophomores or by permission of instructor.  II Humanities
ENG1124	ENG	1124	Introduction to Dramatic Literature	An introduction to the study of dramatic literature. Students will practice critical reading and writing about the major periods and genres of world dramatic literature, from the Greeks to the present. They will also be expected to see 2-3 plays performed locally. Also listed as THEA 1124.  II Humanities
ENG1134	ENG	1134	Introduction to Poetry	An introduction to the study of poetry as a verbal art. Students will focus intensely on language and the ways in which poems develop meaning through a complex patterning of linguistic features. Students will also be guided in thinking of poetry's value in cultural life. Not a creative writing course. Limited to first-year students and sophomores or by permission of instructor.  II Humanities
ENG1144	ENG	1144	Intro to Fiction	An introductory course in prose fiction that focuses on the short story as a form, but may also include a novel or two in its syllabus. Students will practice discerning the distinctive features of individual texts, while developing their sense of narrative fiction's contributions to cultural life. Limited to first-year students and sophomores or by permission of instructor.  II Humanities
ENG1194	ENG	1194	Introduction to Film	A study of film as a major contemporary art form. Topics include film technique and aesthetics, the history of motion pictures, and genres. At least one film viewing each week. II Humanities
ENG1514	ENG	1514	Readings for Creative Writers	An introduction to the study and practice of creative writings, open to first- and second-year students. Through close readings of literary works, students will discover elements of the writer's craft. This course is an apprenticeship in which the skills that go into the composition of an exemplary work of literature are identified, discussed, and finally, practiced by the student. Prerequisite: FYS 1004.  
ENG2004	ENG	2004	Studies in Fiction	A study of short fiction and novel-length works by selected writers primarily from the English-speaking world. Examines the intellectual and cultural backgrounds of these selected works of fiction and develops a comprehensive understanding of the literary techniques through which the fiction writer shapes his/her work. Authors studied may include Flannery O'Connor, James Baldwin, Joyce Carol Oates, Toni Morrison, Joseph Conrad, Virginia Woolf, Margaret Atwood, and Gabriel Garcia Marquez. IV
ENG2074	ENG	2074	Fiction Workshop	An introductory study of the conventions that shape fiction combined with extensive practice in using these conventions.  Conducted as a workshop, the course will involve regular writing and discussion of the work produced by the student writers themselves. Students wishing to enroll must present satisfactory evidence of motivation and serious interest in creative writing.  May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. Standard or CR/NC grading. Also listed as WRC 2074. IV
ENG2084	ENG	2084	Poetry Workshop	An introductory study of the conventions that shape lyric poetry combined with extensive practice in using these conventions.  Conducted as a workshop, the course will involve regular writing and discussion of the work produced by the student writers themselves. Students wishing to enroll must present satisfactory evidence of motivation and serious interest in creative writing. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. Standard or CR/NC grading. Also listed as WRC 2084. IV
ENG2102	ENG	2102	Creative Writing Service	This service course is required for students pursuing a creative writing minor. This course is intended to encourage students to share the responsibility of nurturing a healthy literary and artistic culture on campus. Students may receive credit through a variety of means: serving on the staff of the literary magazine, organizing campus readings or open-mic events, or by organizing clubs or collaborations among artists. Prerequisite: Must be approved by program director.  (1/2 course unit.) CR/NC grading.
ENG2124	ENG	2124	Introduction to African Fiction	An introduction to African literature from Anglophone (English-speaking) countries. The course will focus on clarifying forms of narration that attract African writers as well as issues such as the place of intellectuals and narrative art within contemporary African cultures, language and audience, language and politics, and tradition and modernity. The course will be supported by journalistic and video material, as well as series of feature films by African directors. Works studied will be by Achebe, Emecheta, Nhuhi, Dangarembga, Ata Aidoo, Ogot, and others. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above.  IIIA or IV
ENG2134	ENG	2134	American Writing of Nature	A study of the ways in which recent American writers represent nature and of the meaning and viability of an ecological culture. The course will allow students to become aware of how literature (essays, fiction, poetry) explores different ways of naming our relation to the land, to other life forms, and, of course, to other humans. Among the writers studied are Barry Lopez, Leslie Marmon Silko, Gary Snyder, and Denise Levertov. IV; V
ENG2144	ENG	2144	Women's Literature	A survey of major issues in the study of women in literature, covering a representative sample of women writers. Questions will be raised about the nature and effects of patriarchal thinking on women and women writers, about the ways in which women's problems emerge in women's writing, and about the ways in which women writers image reality. Prerequisite: At least one ENG course and FYS-1104. WS 1004 is recommended preparation. Also listed as WGS 2144. IV; V
ENG2154	ENG	2154	American Women Writers and Ethnicity	A study of prose and poetry written by women in America: African-American, Asian, Chicana, American Indian, West and East Indian. The course will focus on questions raised about historicity, race, class, and gender, and the function of writing in addressing such social dynamics. Beyond this inquiry, the course will address issues related to compound identities and communities, class position and education, the construction of sexuality, the formation of collective ethnic or racial consciousness, and women's communities. Writers may include Hurston, Larsen, Morrison, Kingston, Erdrich, Andalzua, Muhkerjee, and others. Also listed as WGS 2154.Prerequisite: FYS-1104.  IV; V
ENG2164	ENG	2164	Twentieth Century African American Literature	A study of African American writing that explores the portrayal of urban experience following the Great Migration. The class will read fiction, drama, and non-fiction narratives, listen to jazz, and watch films in order to examine how race, class, and gender shape life in American cities and how literary representation has changed historically. Writers may include Charles Chesnutt, Nella Larsen, Richard Wright, Ann Petry, Gwendolyn Brooks, Paule Marshall, Amiri Baraka, and Toni Morrison.  IV
ENG2174	ENG	2174	Popular Fictions	An introduction to the critical study of popular culture. Texts will be selected from a variety of media (print, film, television, or comic books, etc.) so as to open questions of genre (detective, romance, or thriller, etc.). The critical contexts will provide students with the opportunity to investigate the cultural and political implications of popular forms and to consider the role of popular fiction in contemporary life. Media and genres considered may change from term to term.  IV
ENG2184	ENG	2184	Literature of the American South	A study of selected fiction, poetry, drama, and nonfiction by Southern writers. The course will address ways in which these writers both reflect and create what come to be considered cultural realities about the region, the relationship between the history of the area and its literature, and the continued existence of the South as a distinctive region within the United States. Writers may include Jefferson, Poe, Twain, Chesnutt, Chopin, the Nashville Agrarians, Hurston, Faulkner, Tennessee Williams, O'Connor, Welty, Gaines, Walker, and Allison. Prerequisite: FYS-1104.  IV; V
ENG2264	ENG	2264	Non-Fiction Workshop	An introductory study of the conventions that shape literary non-fiction with extensive practice in using these conventions. Conducted as a workshop, the course will involve regular writing and discussion of the work produced by student writers themselves. Students wishing to enroll must present satisfactory evidence of motivation and serious interest in creative writing. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. Standard or CR/NC grading. Also listed as WRC 2264. IV
ENG2284	ENG	2284	South African Fiction, 1960-1994	A study of South African fiction written between 1960 and the first fully democratic elections of 1994. The course includes some of the key issues addressed by writers such as J.M. Coetzee, Nadine Gordimer, Bessie Head, Alex La Guma, and Njabulo Ndebele as they lived through the effects of apartheid. Guiding this exploration will be an awareness of developments in the new South Africa as it seeks to come to terms with the violence and racialism of its past. Inclusion of journalistic and video material will provide assistance in understanding the relevant historical and social contexts.  IV
ENG2294	ENG	2294	Special Topics in Literature	Study of an author, period, or problem not fully treated in other English courses. Topics change from term to term and are announced in advance. May be repeated for credit. IV
ENG2344	ENG	2344	The Culture of Nature	A study of ways in which popular culture in the U.S. shapes assumptions about nature. The course provides students with a critical language designed to illuminate cultural products in a variety of media (print, film, television, etc.) as well as those aspects of daily life which communicate ideas of nature implicitly. This course will treat a range of topics in relation to environmental concern, including, for example, gender, wilderness, food, tourism, labor, and the sciences. IV
ENG2374	ENG	2374	Postmodern Literature	A study of literature after 1945 that reflects a postmodern consideration of language as a means to cultural criticism.  The course will examine how writers, by focusing on language, experiment with form narrative, dramatic, and poetic. The literature embodies varieties of cultural criticism, including feminist and postcolonial; authors may include such writers as Donald Barthelme, Italo Calvino, Derek Walcott, Angela Carter, Salman Rushdie, J.M. Coetzee, and Caryl Phillips. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV; V
ENG2474	ENG	2474	Survey of British Literature I	A study of great British writers from the Anglo-Saxon period through the Restoration. Included are such figures as Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton, and Donne. Prerequisites: Sophomore standing, completion of one ENG Area II course, or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. III B or IV;V
ENG2484	ENG	2484	Survey of British Literature II	A survey of important British literature from the mid-seventeenth century to the present that examines ways in which literary artists both adapted to and reproduced the cultural changes associated with modernity, while dealing with modernity's evolving social and political circumstances. The course will explore a complex cultural tradition in its social context and will include such writers as Addison, Wollstonecraft, Wordsworth, Dickens, Hardy, Woolf, and Hughes. May be used to satisfy a distribution requirement in Western tradition. Prerequisites: Sophomore standing, completion of one English Area II course, or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IIIB or IV; V
ENG2504	ENG	2504	Studies in Film	Study of an auteur or group of auteurs, or of film genres, stylistic or historical questions not treated fully in Introduction to Film. Topics change from term to term and are announced in advance. May be repeated for credit if genre is different. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV; V
ENG2514	ENG	2514	Genre Film	This course will address the complex question of genre in cinema, investigating the ways in which narrative forms are infused with and transmit culturally specific mythic and ideological meanings. It will examine what constitutes cinematic genre in general, and then consider the developing histories of such genres as the Western, the gangster film, horror, science fiction, etc., as reflected by particular texts. IV
ENG2534	ENG	2534	Detective Fiction	A study of the generic dimensions and directions of detective fiction from Poe to the present. It will investigate the hold detective fiction has had on the popular imagination and the genre's reinforcement or subversion of ideological assumptions. Writers and filmmakers may include Doyle, Sayers, Hammett, Chandler, Paretsky, Hillerman, Himes, Dmytryk, Huston, Polanski, and others. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV; V
ENG2614	ENG	2614	American Short Story Literature	A study of the genre of the short story as conceived and crafted by American writers.  The course will consider the nature and history of the short story, its development in America, its early American practitioners and theorists, and how American short fiction reflects and comments on American life and culture.  May include the work of Poe, Hawthorne, Wharton, Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Baldwin, O'Connor, Paley, Oates, Lahiri, and others. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV
ENG2624	ENG	2624	American Gothic	A study of the genre of "American Gothic" fiction and how it evolves from the late 18th century through the early 21th century.   The course will examine the origins of American Gothic fiction and the genre's development at various periods and in different regions; it will also explore the sometimes painful birth of American literature and consider the continued fascination with what Herman Melville called the "power of blackness."  IV
ENG2654	ENG	2654	Fictions of Identity in American Literature	A study of American literature in relation to the phenomenon of "passing," exploring the complex connections among race, gender, class, and power. The primary readings will be supported by an examination of legal essays, ethnographic studies, and films that develop a context for understanding how Americans culturally and legally defined as "black" took on "white" identity and how "passing" now extends to class, ethnic, and sexual identities. Writers may include James Weldon Johnson, Nella Larsen, William Faulkner, Americo Paredes, and Danzy Senna.  IV
ENG2674	ENG	2674	Survey of American Literature Literature	An exploration of the social forces shaping American literature from 1492 to the present. We will consider how our literature chronicles the emergence of uniquely American voices and stories, and we will analyze the formation of a canon of "important" literature and the ways that canon has been challenged. Most importantly, we will keep asking how the literature of the United States simultaneously contests and reinforces the evolving cultural and political concerns of American culture. Prerequisite: Sophomore standing and completion of one English Area II course, or permission of instructor.  IV
ENG2714	ENG	2714	Jane Austen and Film	Examines what Jane Austen's novels and their film adaptations reveal about both Regency England and the contemporary world. The course explores the novels in their original cultural contexts and asks how these novels speak to the interests, desires, and problems of today's culture. Students will read in detail four of Austen's novels and discuss the efforts of twentieth-century filmmakers to capture, edit, and update Austen's humor and wit for today's audiences. Also listed as WS 2714. IV
ENG2904	ENG	2904	Literary Interpretation	Designed to ready students for upper-level work in literary study, this course will develop students' understanding of the goals and methods of literary interpretation. Building on the training in formal analysis provided by introductory courses, it will guide students in considering literary texts in a variety of contexts. The course will also develop students' skill in writing interpretive essays based on sound analysis. Required of English majors at the end of the sophomore year. Prerequisite: ENG 1074, 1134 or 1144 and sophomore standing in the English major. IV
ENG3014	ENG	3014	Special Topics in Literature	Advanced study of an author, period, or topic not fully treated in other English courses. Topics change from term to term and are announced in advance. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor. IV
ENG3024	ENG	3024	Chaucer	A close reading of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and selected shorter works within the cultural context of fourteenth-century England. The seminar will examine literary, political, social, religious, and philosophical issues central to an understanding of Chaucer as both a reflection and a critique of his times and as someone who anticipates contemporary issues. Read in Middle English. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV; V
ENG3074	ENG	3074	Advanced Fiction Workshop	An advanced and in-depth study of the conventions that shape literary fiction with extensive practice in using these conventions. Conducted as a workshop, the course will involved regular writing and discussions of the work produced by student writers themselves. Students wishing to enroll must present satisfactory evidence of motivation and serious interest in creative writing. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: ENG 2074.  IV
ENG3084	ENG	3084	Advanced Poetry Workshop	An advanced and in-depth study of the conventions that shape poetry with extensive practice in using these conventions. Conducted as a workshop, the course will involved regular writing and discussions of the work produced by student writers themselves. Students wishing to enroll must present satisfactory evidence of motivation and serious interest in creative writing. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: ENG 2084  IV
ENG3164	ENG	3164	Advanced Non-Fiction Workshop	An advanced, in-depth study of the conventions that shape literary non-fiction with extensive practice in using these conventions. Conducted as a workshop, the course will involve regular writing and discussion of the work produced by student writers themselves. Students wishing to enroll must present satisfactory evidence of motivation and serious interest in creative writing. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. Standard or CR/NC grading. IV Prerequisite: ENG 2064 IV
ENG3174	ENG	3174	Nineteenth-Century American Literature	A study of major writers focusing on the emergence of an American consciousness. Emphasis on Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, Twain, Crane, Dickinson, Whitman, and James. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
ENG3204	ENG	3204	The Romantic Lyric	A study of the lyric as it was transformed by British Romantics into a vehicle for sustained introspection and psychological analysis. The course explores the ethical and political dimensions of these aesthetic developments and situates them within a history of revolutions, British, American, and French. Authors may include William Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, the Shelleys, Keats, and others.  Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104.  IV; V
ENG3224	ENG	3224	Romanticism and Liberty	The study of British Romantic writings consideration of liberty and its complicated significance in an evolving modern society. The course will note the culture of liberty inherited from earlier in the eighteenth century, its oppositional relation to cultures of aristocracy, patriarchy and slavery, and how Romantic writers asserted its value in the period of monarchic reaction that followed the French Revolution. Authors may include Equiano, Wollstonecraft, Byron, Percy Shelley, and others.  Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. IV; V
ENG3234	ENG	3234	Victorian Literature	A study of British literature from 1832 to the end of the century dealing with poetry and prose of such writers as Tennyson, Browning, Arnold, Dickens, Eliot, Ruskin, Hardy, and others. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
ENG3304	ENG	3304	Seventeenth-Century British Literature	A study of major writers of the seventeenth century: Donne, Herbert, Marvell, Jonson, Milton, Bacon, Burton, Browne, Webster, Tourneur, Middleton, etc. Will emphasize intellectual and literary currents in the period as seen in selected prose and will examine trends in drama and lyric poetry after Shakespeare. Generic focus may vary from year to year. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
ENG3314	ENG	3314	Renaissance Literature	A study of major writers of the Continental and English Renaissance: Erasmus, More, Castiglione, Sidney, Spenser, Marlowe, and other sixteenth-century poets and playwrights. Emphasis on intellectual and cultural backgrounds to the literature. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. IV; V
ENG3324	ENG	3324	Shakespeare I	An intensive study of 8-10 plays drawn from the first half of Shakespeare's career, dealing with selected histories, comedies, and tragedies up to about 1600. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. Also listed as THEA 3324. IV; V
ENG3334	ENG	3334	Shakespeare II	An intensive study of at least 10 plays from the second half of Shakespeare's career. Will deal with the problem comedies, mature tragedies, and tragicomedies. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. Also listed as THEA 3334. IV; V
ENG3404	ENG	3404	Early Twentieth-Century British Literature	A study of British literature from the turn of the century to World War II. Most of the course will be devoted to the development of Modernism, but predecessors and successors will also be considered. Writers such as Hardy, Shaw, Yeats, Joyce, Eliot, Lawrence, Rhys, and Woolf will be included. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
ENG3414	ENG	3414	Twentieth-Century British Literature, Post-1945	A study of British literature written after World War II. The designation "British" will include not only authors born in England, but also authors from the former British colonies writing in English. Will explore the intersection of Modernism and Postmodernism, as well as the place of the written word in a world increasingly dominated by mass communication: radio, television, and the advertising image. Authors may include Greene, Lessing, Pinter, Barker, Murdoch, Stoppard, and Rushdie. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. IV; V
ENG3504	ENG	3504	The Eighteenth-Century British Novel	A study of the novel's beginnings and rapid development in Britain, with special attention to such topics as the rise of literacy, the respectability of writing fiction, and special forms of the novel. Authors may include Defoe, Sterne, Fielding, Richardson, and Austen. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
ENG3514	ENG	3514	The Nineteenth Century British Novel	A study of the major novelists of the nineteenth century. Though individual works may vary between offerings of the course, authors will include such writers as Scott, E. Bronte, Thackeray, Dickens, Eliot, and Hardy. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. I; V
ENG3564	ENG	3564	Milton	An intensive study of the most important poetry and selected prose of the major seventeenth-century British writer, focusing on Paradise Lost. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
ENG3664	ENG	3664	Early Twentieth-Century American Literature	A study of North American literature from the turn of the century to World War II. Will include an examination of the Modernist movement and the Harlem Renaissance as well as the work of other influential authors. Reading may include works by Sherwood Anderson, Willa Cather, Kate Chopin, ee cummings, John Dos Passos, William Faulkner, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Charlotte Perkins-Gilman, Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, Wallace Stevens, and Richard Wright. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. IV; V
ENG3674	ENG	3674	Twentieth-Century American Literature, Post-1945	A study of North American literature from 1945 to the present, with special emphasis on the exploration of cultural issues in traditional, multicultural, and feminist literatures. Reading may include the works of Margaret Atwood, James Baldwin, Raymond Carver, Don DeLillo, Joan Didion, E. L. Doctorow, Ralph Ellison, Louise Erdrich, Maxine Hong Kingston, Toni Morrison, Flannery O'Connor, Thomas Pynchon, J. D. Salinger, Sam Shepard, Tennessee Williams, and George Wolfe. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
ENG4014	ENG	4014	Independent Study	Readings on an approved topic, followed by the preparation of a critical paper. Repeatable once by special permission. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor and grade point average of at least 3.0.
ENG4144	ENG	4144	Senior Creative Writing Project	Full-year independent study project in creative writing. Emphasis may be on poetry, fiction, or drama and will vary with student interest and availability of instructor. Student is expected to research the craft and produce an organized book-length manuscript. (1 or 2 course units.) Prerequisites: Senior standing, at least one term of ENG 2054, and permission of instructor. ENG 4144 is a prerequisite to 4154.
ENG4154	ENG	4154	Senior Creative Writing Project	Full-year independent study project in creative writing. Emphasis may be on poetry, fiction, or drama and will vary with student interest and availability of instructor. Student is expected to research the craft and produce an organized book-length manuscript. (1 or 2 course units.) Prerequisites: Senior standing, at least one term of ENG 2054, and permission of instructor. ENG 4144 is a prerequisite to 4154.
ENG4204	ENG	4204	Internship in English	The practical application of English skills in journalism, communications, advertising, and other areas. Students choose an appropriate organization in consultation with faculty sponsor. (1 or 2 course units.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Junior standing in the major and permission of instructor. A total of 2 course units may be counted toward the major.
ENG4208	ENG	4208	Internship in English	The practical application of English skills in journalism, communications, advertising, and other areas. Students choose an appropriate organization in consultation with faculty sponsor. (1 or 2 course units.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Junior standing in the major and permission of instructor. A total of 2 course units may be counted toward the major.
ENG4504	ENG	4504	Capstone Seminar	Designed to encourage students to engage more deeply with questions that arise from the study of literature, as well as provide occasion for students to reflect on work done throughout the major. It will, in addition, require that students complete an extended critical essay. Focal literary works will be drawn from a specific historical period and will change from term to term, depending upon the instructor. Required of all English majors in the winter of their senior year. Prerequisites: Completion of ENG 2904, three other period-requirement courses, and senior standing in the major. IV
ENGELECT1	ENG	ELECT1	English Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	English Major/Minor Elective Placeholder
ENVS1024	ENVS	1024	Environmental Science	A broad overview of the structure and function of environmental systems and the impact of human cultures on these systems. The complexity and multidisciplinary nature of environmental issues involving, for example, population growth, air and water pollution, biogeochemical cycles, and energy demands and alternatives, are considered, but emphasis will be placed on our scientific knowledge of these issues. Lecture and laboratory. II Natural Science
ENVS3072	ENVS	3072	Environmental Studies Research Project	For students who wish to devise a research project that crosses disciplines to explore issues of environmental significance. Students need to arrange for guidance from more than one faculty member. (1/2 course unit). Students may register for up to two half-credit projects. Prerequisites: Junior standing, ENVS-1024, and completion of at least two other courses toward the Environmental Studies Minor or permission of the instructor.
ENVS3074	ENVS	3074	Environmental Studies Research Project	For students who wish to devise a research project that crosses disciplines to explore issues of environmental significance. Students need to arrange for guidance from more than one faculty member. (1 course unit). Prerequisites: Junior standing, ENVS-1024, and completion of at least two other courses toward the Environmental Studies Minor or permission of the instructor.
ENVS3204	ENVS	3204	Environmental Studies Internship	For students engaging in an internship that requires work that cannot be classified as contributing to a single disciplinary major. Prerequisites: Junior standing, completion of at least two courses for the Environmental Studies Minor, or permission of instructor.
ENVS4004	ENVS	4004	Environmental Studies Senior Project	Offered to students who plan to enter graduate programs or careers in environmental fields, this course involves independent study of environmental issues under the guidance of professors from various disciplines. It requires students to draw on more than one discipline while analyzing case studies, developing critical bibliographies, writing a substantial research essay, and making a public presentation. Application needs to be made to the Environmental Studies Committee Chair in the term prior to anticipated enrollment. Prerequisites: Senior standing, completion of coursework for the Environmental Studies Minor, and permission of Environmental Studies Minor Committee.
EXSC1004	EXSC	1004	Introduction to Exercise Science	An introduction to the history, methods, and philosophy of exercise science as a discipline. This course should be taken in the first or second year.
EXSC1113	EXSC	1113	Lifetime Fitness and Wellness	A course combining knowledge and activities that will provide a basis for lifetime physical fitness, wellness, and prevention of chronic diseases. (3/4 course unit.) CR/NC grading.
EXSC2004	EXSC	2004	Health Promotion	Introduction to a range of topics related to the health of the individual. Areas of specific emphasis include nutrition and weight management, stress management, substance abuse, and aging. Prerequisite: EXSC 1113
EXSC2014	EXSC	2014	Women's Health	This course will explore the social, political and cultural issues impacting women's health and the special health needs of women across the lifespan. Students will discuss the relationship of women, both as consumers and practitioners, to the health care system and will research the health behaviors unique to women to achieve and maintain wellness and to prevent chronic disease. Also listed as WGS 2024. 
EXSC2094	EXSC	2094	Anatomy and Physiology I	An introductory consideration of the structure and function of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and cardiovascular systems with particular reference to the human. This course is designed for exercise science majors and students considering an allied health career. It will not count toward the major course requirement of the biology pattern. Lecture and laboratory. Also listed as BIO 2014. Prerequisite: EXSC-1004, Exercise Science major, or permission of instructor. IV
EXSC2104	EXSC	2104	Anatomy and Physiology II	An introductory consideration of the structure and function of the nervous, endocrine, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems with particular reference to the human. This course is designed for exercise science majors and other students interested in an allied health career. The course will not count toward the major course requirements of the biology pattern. Lecture and laboratory. Also listed as BIO 2104. Prerequisite: EXSC-2094 or BIO-2014. IV
EXSC2294	EXSC	2294	Special Topics in Exercise Science	The study of a topic or inquiry not fully treated in other courses. Topics may include nutrition and human performance, weight management, exercise testing for normal and special populations, or other allied health areas. Subjects change and are announced in advance. May be repeated for credit if topic is different.
EXSC3014	EXSC	3014	Physiology of Exercise	A study of the human anatomical systems and their physiological function with special emphasis on the muscular, nervous, skeletal, circulatory, and respiratory systems and the acute and chronic adaptations that result from exercise. Other topics also include the physiological effects of physical activity on children, adolescents, older adult women, and health-related conditions such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. Prerequisites: BIO 2014/EXSC 2094 and BIO/EXSC 2104.
EXSC3034	EXSC	3034	Athletic Injuries and Rehabilitation	Develops awareness of the injury problems associated with sports participation. Teaches methods of prevention and rehabilitation of athletic injuries. Introduces the athletic training modalities available in a modern trainer's room. Prerequisite: BIO 2014 or EXSC 2094.
EXSC3054	EXSC	3054	Biomechanics	Biological and mechanical principles of movement patterns and their application to the evaluation of both the performer and the performance. Prerequisite: BIO 2014 or EXSC 2094.
EXSC3204	EXSC	3204	Nutrition and Energy Balance	A study of evidence-based information on major nutrients and nutritional needs across the lifespan. Basic concepts which govern energy balance, body composition, and weight management will be explored. Other topics discussed will include the relationship between nutrition and physical performance and disease prevention, the factors that affect food choices including media and advertising, and the sustainability of our food system. Pre-requisite: EXSC 1004.
EXSC4004	EXSC	4004	Organization, Administration, and Evaluation of Exercise Science	Explores concepts of administration, supervision, and evaluation of exercise science programs. Prerequisite: EXSC 1004.
EXSC4014	EXSC	4014	The Life of a Muscle	An in-depth examination of muscle physiology across the lifespan. Topics may include muscle development, metabolic adaptations to training, muscle hypertrophy, muscle diseases, spaceflight, and aging-associated atrophy. Prerequisite: EXSC 3014.
EXSC4204	EXSC	4204	Internship	Supervised placement of students in organizations that provide capstone experiences for the exercise science major. Integrating theory and practice, this experience includes academic requirements, such as reports and research papers, which will be agreed upon in advance among the student, faculty, and placement supervisor by means of a learning contract. May be repeated once for credit. CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
EXSC4212	EXSC	4212	Independent Study	A study of the tools and techniques of research, the use of the library for literature review, and the planning and execution of a research project, with a written report. May be repeated for a total of 2 units of credit. CR/NC grading.  Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
EXSC4214	EXSC	4214	Independent Study	A study of the tools and techniques of research, the use of the library for literature review, and the planning and execution of a research project, with a written report. May be repeated for a total of 2 units of credit. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
EXSC4444	EXSC	4444	Senior Seminar	Topics include current trends and research methods in exercise science and the allied health field. Team research projects provide the opportunity to integrate previous coursework and to explore new questions.
EXSCELECT1	EXSC	ELECT1	Exercise Science Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	Exercise Science Major/Minor Elective Placeholder  Course.
FA1004	FA	1004	Introduction to the Fine Arts	A survey of basic ideas, guiding principles, and historical and contemporary practices in art, drama, and music. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the creative process, analyzing various works of art, developing critical tools for appreciation, perceiving the relationships among the three art forms, and comprehending fundamental issues in the representation of reality through art. Travel to artistic events will occur as part of the course when available. II Fine Arts
FEN1014	FEN	1014	First Engagements	This is the gateway to academic expectations in a liberal arts college and will model liberal education in a reflective, seminar setting. The emphases will include cultivating a spirit of inquiry, developing critical reading and discussion skills, engaging in collaborative learning, and making critical connections. Each year a variety of texts, including the summer common reading, will focus on a particular theme. Additional subthemes may emerge from discussions and from interests of each instructor. This course will be a first-year requirement. CR/NC grading.
FEN2001	FEN	2001	First Engagements Tutorial	A tutorial in which the August term scholar works closely with a faculty member in planning and preparing a seminar section of First Engagements. This will include reading and selection of texts for the course, discussion of course objectives and teaching strategies, and preparation of the seminar's syllabus. There is no overload fee for enrollment in this course. (1/4 course unit) Can be repeated once for credit. CR/NC grading.
FEN2002	FEN	2002	First Engagements Practicum	August term scholars will work closely with a faculty member in teaching the First Engagements seminar. The scholar will help lead discussion, discuss teaching strategies with the faculty member, and facilitate student learning in and outside the classroom. The August term scholar will assist the academic advisor/s throughout the fall term as a peer mentor for the first-year students. There is no overload fee for enrollment in this course.  (1/2 course unit)  Can be repeated once for credit. CR/NC grading.
FREN1014	FREN	1014	French I: The Personal World	An introduction to French through exploration of the student's immediate world, developing student proficiency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. By the end of the course students will be able to ask for and give information; express their wants, needs, abilities, and obligations; describe people, places, and things in their surroundings; write a basic letter in the language; and give in some detail a report of their typical activities. Laboratory required.
FREN1024	FREN	1024	French II: The French Speaking World	An extension of French I that moves beyond the student's personal experiences toward an increased linguistic and social awareness of French-speaking cultures. By the end of the course students will be able to narrate past events, demonstrate an understanding of various aspects of the French-speaking world, and formulate briefly a position on an issue treated in the course. Prerequisite: FREN 1014 or equivalent proficiency. Laboratory required.
FREN1034	FREN	1034	French III: Topical Issues	An extension of French II that offers a more in-depth look at current issues in French-speaking cultures. Religions, ethnic groups, and demographic patterns will be explored, as will other concerns such as the environment and the economy. Material will include literary texts, films, and productions in the fine arts. Students will give oral and written reports, refute and support positions taken on specific issues, and suggest and negotiate compromises. Prerequisite: FREN 1024 or equivalent proficiency. Laboratory required.
FREN2001	FREN	2001	Practicum in French	The practical application of French language and/or research skills in education, law, business, art, medicine, or other areas. Students devise projects under the direction of the instructor to integrate practical applications to their particular area of interest. Examples are: creative writing projects, practice of foreign language teaching methodologies, or an internship in a local organization where French language and/or translation skills are required. (1/4 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: permission of instructor.
FREN2002	FREN	2002	Practicum in French	The practical application of French language and/or research skills in education, law, business, art, medicine, or other areas. Students devise projects under the direction of the instructor to integrate practical applications to their particular area of interest. Examples are: creative writing projects, practice of foreign language teaching methodologies, or an internship in a local organization where French language and/or translation skills are required. (1/2 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: permission of instructor.
FREN2003	FREN	2003	Practicum in French	The practical application of French language and/or research skills in education, law, business, art, medicine, or other areas. Students devise projects under the direction of the instructor to integrate practical applications to their particular area of interest. Examples are: creative writing projects, practice of foreign language teaching methodologies, or an internship in a local organization where French language and/or translation skills are required. (3/4 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: permission of instructor.
FREN2004	FREN	2004	Practicum in French	The practical application of French language and/or research skills in education, law, business, art, medicine, or other areas. Students devise projects under the direction of the instructor to integrate practical applications to their particular area of interest. Examples are: creative writing projects, practice of foreign language teaching methodologies, or an internship in a local organization where French language and/or translation skills are required. (1 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: permission of instructor.
FREN2014	FREN	2014	French Grammar and Expression	One of two non-sequential gateway courses leading to advanced studies in French (3000 level courses). This course refines grammatical competencies and sharpens oral expression in French. Through the study of how texts communicate sophisticated ideas, students investigate grammatical, syntactical, and lexical strategies. By surveying different forms of expression (including literary, historical, cinematic, artistic) as well as current media (newscasts, newspapers and magazines, web sites, blogs, videos, etc.) students practice grammar and idiomatic usage while making connections between culture and language. Writing assignments include le r‚sum‚, le compte rendu, and le portrait. Students will also practice phonetics to support enhanced fluency and precision in oral expression. Prerequisite:FREN 1034. IV
FREN2024	FREN	2024	French Rhetoric and Composition	One of two non-sequential gateway courses leading to advanced studies in French (3000 level courses). The course facilitates more complex reasoning through close readings of French literary and cultural texts from around the world while developing written and oral expression in French. By targeting five key areas of language acquisition (speaking, reading, listening, writing and culture), the course prepares students linguistically to articulate original ideas with greater precision and clarity through training in grammar, morphology, syntax and phonetics. By cultivating a more sophisticated use of language, students develop their ability to use rhetorical strategies in producing higher-order reasoning. Special attention will also be paid to writing: understanding different modes of expression (exposition, narration, description, argumentation) and writing effectively (coherent discourse, lexical flexibility, rhetoric, and style). Formal writing assignments include la dissertation, l'essai critique, and le r‚cit. This course is conducted entirely in French. Prerequisite: FREN 1034 and FYS-1104. IV; V
FREN2034	FREN	2034	French Society and Culture	Examines the cultural, social, and political transformations of French society and culture over the centuries by exploring developments from a number of vantage points (family, religion, values, leisure, social classes, etc.). Topics include political regimens (Empire, Monarchy, Republic), historical figures (Jeanne D'Arc, Louis XIV, Napol‚on, De Gaulle), history of ideas (humanism, enlightenment, socialism, fascism, existentialism), and artistic movements (baroque, classicism, realism, symbolism, post-modernism). Prerequisite: FREN 1034. III B or IV
FREN2054	FREN	2054	Introduction to French Literature	Introduces students to the history of French literature from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century. Emphasis will be placed on reading major works in French within their historical and cultural context. In addition, students will acquire a critical vocabulary for analyzing literary texts. Special attention will be paid to close readings of texts (poetry, theater, and the novel) and different approaches such as r‚sum‚ de texte, explication de texte, commentaire compos‚, and dissertation explicative. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV; V
FREN2074	FREN	2074	French Literature in Translation	Material is chosen according to period, genre, or topic, and varies from year to year. Course subtitle reflects the particular material chosen and is announced in advance. May be repeated if course subtitle is different. Does not count toward the major or minor pattern. No prerequisites. Taught in English. II Humanities or IV
FREN2294	FREN	2294	Special Topics	Study of an area involving the language, literature, or culture not fully treated in other French courses. Topics change and will be announced in advance. May be repeated for credit if the topic is different. Prerequisite: FREN 1034 or equivalent proficiencies unless specific description states otherwise. IV
FREN3014	FREN	3014	Independent Study and Research	May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
FREN3094	FREN	3094	French Business Culture	An introduction to the French-speaking business world and to its very specific language, this course provides mastery of the fundamental vocabulary, expressions, and cultural practices required to communicate in a variety of business situations. Topics include banking, commerce, finance, the economy, business correspondence, and job interviewing skills. The course does not presume prior knowledge of business principles. Prerequisite: FREN 2014 and FYS 1104. IV; V
FREN3144	FREN	3144	Medieval and Renaissance French Lit: Fin' amor and Humanism	A study of French literature in its historical context, from its origins to the reign of Henri IV. The course encompasses the courtly love tradition, sacred and profane theater, courtly and bourgeois realism, and humanist thought. Works and authors studied may include the chanson de geste, the troubadours, Chrétien de Troyes, Christine de Pizan, Villon, Rabelais, Marguerite de Navarre, the poets of the Pléiade, and Montaigne. Prerequisites: FREN 2014, 2054 and FYS 1104. IV; V
FREN3204	FREN	3204	French Literature of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Order, Reason, and Revolution	An exploration of the century of Louis XIV and of the Age of Enlightenment. Using literary texts, film, music, and visual arts, this course will view baroque art and literature, classicism and Versailles, the esprit critique of moralist and philosophical writers, and libertine thought. Authors may include Corneille, Racine, Molière, Madame de La Fayette, Descartes, Pascal, Diderot, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Laclos. Prerequisite: FREN 2014 or 2054 and FYS 1104. IV; V
FREN3304	FREN	3304	Studies in Genre	A study of the formal elements that constitute genre: its textual components and its historical and literary manifestations. Each time the course is offered, a particular genre is analyzed exclusively, alternately French poetry, theater, and novel. In French poetry, the course will focus on poetic forms and versification through the Troubadors, Villon, the Pl‚iade, romantics, symbolists, and modern free verse. In French theater, the course will emphasize analysis through performance as it traces theater's origins in medieval liturgical drama and follows with MoliŠre, Racine, Corneille, Beaumarchais, and the Theatre of the Absurd. In the French novel, the course will trace the evolution from early forms of novelistic writing such as the epistolary novel through the great literary movements of the nineteenth century (realism, romanticism, naturalism) up to the modern novel. Prerequisite: FREN 2014 and FYS-1104. IV; V
FREN3324	FREN	3324	French Literature of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Experiment and Unrest	This course will address the individual's relation to society and the arts in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as it is revealed through representative works of literature, music, and film. The literature of the time reflects French history in its fragmentation and upheaval, but attempts to impose order through the redefinition of traditional literary genres. A study of the Romantic poets, the Naturalist writers, Surrealist theater, Existentialist essays, and the Nouveau Roman will highlight the more successful forms of artistic experimentation. Prerequisite: FREN 2014 or 2054 and FYS 1104. IV; V
FREN3344	FREN	3344	French Cinema Culture	Through a study of French films from the 1890s to the present, this course examines the role of cinema in a social-historical context and provides an in-depth analysis of cinematic 'language.' Since French cinema evolved as both an art and an industry, particular attention will be paid to questions of narrative, representation, production practices, and reception. Topics include the birth of cinema, the silent era, the avant-garde, poetic realism, cinema of the occupation, the New Wave, contemporary trends, and Francophone world cinemas. Prerequisite: FREN 2014 and FYS-1104. IV; V
FREN3404	FREN	3404	The Francophone World and Its Literature	Reading and analysis of literary genres through the centuries in the various Francophone countries with an emphasis on twentieth-century literature. Historical background of each country will provide a context for the readings. Prerequisite: FREN 2014 or 2054 and FYS 1104. III A or IV; V
FREN3504	FREN	3504	Advanced Special Topics	In-depth study of language, literature, or culture not fully treated in other 3000-level courses. Topics change and will be announced in advance; course may focus on a genre, an issue, an author, or a movement. May be repeated once for credit if the topic is different. Prerequisite: FREN 2014 or 2054. IV
FREN4444	FREN	4444	Senior Seminar	Designed as the capstone experience for French majors. While focusing on a particular problem, genre, author, or time period, the selection of cultural texts is geared to refine students' analytical, interpretive, and expressive skills in French. In addition to oral presentation, research, and writing within the sphere of the course topic, students undertake individual projects in their own particular domain of interest in order to integrate their knowledge and experience of French with their future life and career plans. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. IV
FYS1002	FYS	1002	Expository Writing	Provides intensive instruction in expository writing with assignments emphasizing skills in developing ideas, constructing cohesive paragraphs, organizing material, and creating thesis statements. Assignments may provide practice in paraphrase, summary, description, definition, comparison and contrast, and argumentation. The course includes discussion of and instruction in grammar, syntax, and usage. 
FYS1004	FYS	1004	First-Year Seminar	Designed to help introduce students to the rigorous intellectual work necessary at the college level.  Courses remain interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary in nature and draw from the instructor's areas of interest and expertise.  All sections include a broad range of shorter readings and a longer, book-length text of the instructor's choosing.  All First-Term Seminars stress the skills of close and careful reading, critical thinking, thoughtful and respectful discussion, and effective academic writing. Prerequisite: Score of 22 or higher on the English section of the ACT (SAT Verbal score of 520), FYS 1002, or permission of FYS program director.
FYS1104	FYS	1104	First-Year Research Seminar	Designed to continue the development of college-level critical reading, thinking, writing, and discussion skills.  The courses will remain topical in nature based on the instructors' areas of interest and expertise and will offer a focused and in depth investigation of a topic of importance.  The course will include extensive instruction in research methods appropriate at the college level and will culminate in the writing of a lengthy research-based argumentative essay.  Prerequisite: FYS 1004.  
GE1LNG1	GE	1LNG1	Foreign Language Lvl 1 General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area I Foreign Language Level 1 Requirement
GE1LNG2	GE	1LNG2	Foreign Language Lvl 2 General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area I Foreign Language Level 2 Requirement
GE1LNG3	GE	1LNG3	Foreign Language Lvl 3 General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area I Foreign Language Level 3 Requirement
GE1MATH	GE	1MATH	Mathematics General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area I Mathematics Requirement
GE2ART	GE	2ART	Fine Arts General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area II Fine Arts Requirement
GE2HUM	GE	2HUM	Humanities General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area II Humanities Requirement
GE2NS	GE	2NS	Natural Sciences General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area II Natural Sciences Requirement
GE2SS	GE	2SS	Social Sciences General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area II Social Sciences Requirement
GE3LISTA	GE	3LISTA	III A Non-Western General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area III List A Non-Western Cultural Traditions Requirement
GE3LISTB	GE	3LISTB	III B Western General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area III List B Western Cultural Traditions Requirement
GE4PAIR1	GE	4PAIR1	Area IV Pair #1 General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area IV Pair #1 Requirement
GE4PAIR2	GE	4PAIR2	Area IV Pair #2 General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area IV Pair #2 Requirement
GE4PR1&5	GE	4PR1&5	Area IV; V Pair #1 General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area IV; V Pair #1 Requirement
GE4PR2&5	GE	4PR2&5	Area IV; V Pair #2 General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area IV; V Pair #2 Requirement
GE5WRITE	GE	5WRITE	Area V Writing Intensive General Education Placeholder	Placeholder course for General Education Area V Writing Intensive Requirement
GER1014	GER	1014	German I: The Personal World	An introduction to German through exploration of the student's immediate world, developing student proficiency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. By the end of the course students will be able to ask for and give information; express their wants, needs, abilities, and obligations; describe people, places, and things in their surroundings; write a basic letter in the language; and give in some detail a report of their typical activities. Laboratory required.
GER1024	GER	1024	German II: The German Speaking World	An extension of German I that moves beyond the student's personal experiences toward an increased linguistic and social awareness of German-speaking cultures. By the end of the course students will be able to narrate past events, demonstrate an understanding of various aspects of the German-speaking world, and formulate briefly a position on an issue treated in the course. Prerequisite: GER 1014 or equivalent proficiency. Laboratory required.
GER1034	GER	1034	German III: Topical Issues	An extension of German II that offers a more in-depth look at current issues in German-speaking cultures. Religions, ethnic groups, and demographic patterns will be explored, as will other concerns such as the environment and the economy. Material will include literary texts, films, and productions in the fine arts. Students will give oral and written reports, refute and support positions taken on specific issues, and suggest and negotiate compromises. Prerequisite: GER 1024 or equivalent proficiency. Laboratory required.
GER2044	GER	2044	Contemporary German Cinema	A study of German-language cinema and notable filmmakers since 1990. Film selection will highlight particular cultural topics such as unification or social integration as well as individual directors or genres. Taught in English, with all films subtitled in English. This course does not count toward the major or minor. No prerequisites. IV
GER2054	GER	2054	Cont. German Cinema for Majors/Minors	A study of German-language cinema and notable filmmakers since 1990. Film selection will highlight particular cultural topics such as unification or social integration as well as individual directors or genres. Taught in English, with all films subtitled in English. Students will complete individual course assignments in German and language-related work the instructor assigns. IV
GER2074	GER	2074	German Literature in Translation	Study of highlights of German literature or of a period, topic, genre, or author. Course subtitle reflects the material chosen and is announced in advance. May be repeated for credit if course subtitle is different. Does not count toward the major or minor pattern. No prerequisites. Taught in English. II Humanities or IV
GER2104	GER	2104	Contemporary Germany	A survey of the present-day culture of Germany including the examination of such issues as the role of the family, education, religion and festivals, entertainment and leisure-time activities, developments in the standard language, and dialects. Prerequisite: GER 1034 and FYS 1104. IV; V
GER2144	GER	2144	Weimar and New German Cinema	A retrospective on German contributions to the history of film, focusing both on the accomplishments surrounding what has become known as Weimar Cinema and the more recent "auteur" films of Fassbinder, Herzog, von Trotta et al., collected together under the rubric of New German cinema. Taught in English, with all films subtitled in English. This course does not count toward the major or minor. No prerequisites. IV
GER2154	GER	2154	Weimar and New German Cinema for Majors/Minors	A retrospective on German contributions to the history of film, focusing both on the accomplishments surrounding what has become known as Weimar Cinema and the more recent "auteur" films of Fassbinder, Herzog, von Trotta et al., collected together under the rubric of New German cinema. Taught in English, with all films subtitled in English. Students will complete individual course assignments in German and Language-related work the instructor assigns. Prerequisite: GER 1034. IV
GER2224	GER	2224	German Geography, Political Institutions, and Social Structures	An examination of the demographic, political, and social implications of German geography. Beginning with a thorough examination of the political map of Germany, this course addresses the structure of the German parliament, the network of federal social institutions, the role of government in German society, and Germany's relationship to the European Union. Prerequisite: GER 1034.  IV
GER2294	GER	2294	Special Topics	Study of an area involving the language, literature, or culture not fully treated in other German courses. Topics change and will be announced in advance. May be repeated for credit if the topic is different. Prerequisite: GER 1034 unless specific description states otherwise. IV
GER2304	GER	2304	Still Draussen vor der Tur: Other Voices in German	Study of groups that have been excluded from or marginalized in concepts of a German identity: foreign workers and their families, black Germans, Sinti and Roma populations, Austrians, and the Swiss. Prerequisite: GER 1034 and FYS 1104. IV; V
GER3014	GER	3014	Independent Study and Research	May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
GER3104	GER	3104	Berlin, Bonn, East-Berlin: the 3rd Reich, the Stunde Null	An examination of cultural developments during the Hitler years, including issues of exile and inner emigration, as well as of problems faced following the defeat of Germany in 1945 and its complete political, social, and moral collapse. Prerequisite: One 2000-level GER course or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. IV; V
GER3204	GER	3204	Berlin and Weimar: Birth & Rebirth of a Nation, 1871-1933	A study of the cultural implications and effects of both unification under the German Reich and the brief experiment with republican government known as the Weimar Republic. Prerequisite: One 2000-level GER course or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
GER3304	GER	3304	Vienna & Munich: Aesthetes, Decadents, and the fin-de-siecle	Readings across drama, literature, the arts, philosophy, and psychology to elaborate the aesthetic rebellion and redirection that characterized the end of the nineteenth century. Prerequisite: One 2000-level GER course or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
GER3344	GER	3344	The Wall Falls: Putting Germany Together Again	A close study of various aspects of the unification process since 1989. Topics will include reprivatization and reclamation of property, repatriation of Germans living in other former East-Block countries, and adjustments involved in moving from a communist to a capitalist society. Prerequisite: GER 1034. IV
GER3394	GER	3394	Special Topics	Study of an area involving the language, literature, or culture not fully treated in other German courses. Topics change and will be announced in advance. May be repeated for credit if the topic is different. Prerequisite: One 2000-level GER course, excluding GER 2044 and 2074. IV
GER4204	GER	4204	Immersion Experience Abroad: Germany	A program providing the student an opportunity to apply and improve German language skills as well as gain experience in the field of foreign language instruction. The student will live with a family in Germany and take part in English and German classes at a gymnasium. The student will keep a German journal while there, which will be submitted upon return, along with a paper in German evaluating the experience. There will also be an oral examination to demonstrate the student's improved speaking skills. CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: One 2000-level GER course, and permission of instructor.
GER4208	GER	4208	Immersion Experience Abroad: Germany	A program providing the student an opportunity to apply and improve German language skills as well as gain experience in the field of foreign language instruction. The student will live with a family in Germany and take part in English and German classes at a gymnasium. The student will keep a German journal while there, which will be submitted upon return, along with a paper in German evaluating the experience. There will also be an oral examination to demonstrate the student's improved speaking skills. CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: One 2000-level GER course, one 3000-level GER course, and permission of instructor.
GER4444	GER	4444	Senior Seminar	Designed as the capstone experience for German Studies majors. The course focuses on literary works chosen from a program reading list of plays, novellas and novels from Goethe to the present. Through weekly seminar discussions of and concluding interpretive papers on those works, students will refine their analytical and communicative skills in German. Depending on the student's competence in the language coursework may also include a final review of more advanced grammatical aspects of German. Prerequisite: eight major courses above GER 1034. IV
GRK1014	GRK	1014	Greek I	An introduction to the grammar, morphology, and syntax of classical Greek.
GRK1024	GRK	1024	Greek II	A continuation of GRK 1014 with attention to Greek literature and culture. Prerequistie: GRK 1014.
GRK1034	GRK	1034	Greek III	A continuation of GRK 1024, with emphasis shifting from grammatical forms to a critical and careful reading of a Greek prose text, such as Plato's Apology, Xenophon's Anabasis, or the New Testament. Prerequisite: GRK 1024.
GRK2014	GRK	2014	Readings in Greek Literature	A study of the language and literature of ancient Greek through close study of selected authors. Prerequisite: GRK 1034 or equivalent proficiency. IV
HIST1014	HIST	1014	Western Civilization I: Western Civilization to the Seventeenth Century	A study of the historical development of Western civilization to the seventeenth century, with special emphasis on Greece, Rome, the medieval age, and the Renaissance and Reformation movements. A chronological and political approach with appropriate attention to cultural achievements and economic characteristics of these periods. III B
HIST1024	HIST	1024	Western Civilization II: Western Civilization from the Seventeenth Century to the Present	A study of Western civilization from the Enlightenment to the present, with special emphasis on the Atlantic Revolutions, ideologies of the nineteenth century, industrialism, the impact of the West on other civilizations, world conflicts of the twentieth century, and problems of contemporary society. III B
HIST1154	HIST	1154	United States to 1865	A study and critical evaluation of the political, economic, and social forces that shaped the development of the American colonies and the United States from 1492 through the Civil War, noting the varying historical interpretations of those forces.
HIST1164	HIST	1164	United States From 1865	A study and critical evaluation of the fundamental forces contributing to the emergence of modern America from 1865.
HIST2014	HIST	2014	Shooting America: Photography, 1860-1960	An examination of visual texts that reflected, shaped, or maligned cultures, places, and people in the United States.  Course participants will be expected to:  1. cultivate a theoretical framework for visual analysis in order to "read" images critically and 2.  seek to understand the social, political, and personal contexts in which important bodies of photographic work were created and disseminated. Prerequisite: HIST 1164 or permission of instructor. IV
HIST2024	HIST	2024	Spartacus: Slaves and Gladiators	Between 73 and 71 BCE, Spartacus, a Thracian gladiator, led the largest slave revolt in the ancient world. This course examines the historical record and the myths, both ancient and modern, surrounding this great story. Special attention to slavery and the institution of gladiatorial games in the Roman world. IV;V. Also listed as HIST-2024. 
HIST2104	HIST	2104	Medieval Europe	A study of a millennium of social experiments to mitigate, redirect, and rationalize the violent individualism of the Germanic peoples who swept into Europe after the Roman Empire crumbled. Prerequisite: HIST 1014. (Pre-Modern field) IV
HIST2134	HIST	2134	The Second World War: Topics & Issues	A study of the Second World War based on specific issues, geographies, or theoretical frameworks.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: The war in Eastern Europe/USSR; the American home front; military campaigns; women and war; and intelligence strategies. IV
HIST2144	HIST	2144	Europe in the Nineteenth Century	A study of European history from the Congress of Vienna through the First World War, emphasizing the growth of nationalism, the effects of the Industrial Revolution, the development of socialist doctrines, and the rise of neoimperialism. Prerequisite: FYS 1104. (Modern European field) IV; V
HIST2154	HIST	2154	Europe in the Eighteenth Century	An examination of the major forces and events from the age of absolutism through the French Revolution. Areas of study include the political, social, and cultural effects of the Enlightenment, the development of the international European state system, Europe's relations with the non- European world, the rise of the middle classes, and the emergence of a consumer culture. Prerequisite: FYS-1104.  (Modern European field) IV; V
HIST2184	HIST	2184	The Holocaust	An in-depth historical exploration of one of the most horrendous crimes in history, the murder of six million Jews and millions of others during the Second World War. Students will examine the development of anti-Semitic thought in Western culture, the means the Nazis used to undertake the 'Final Solution,' and Jewish experiences during the Holocaust. The course will conclude with the attempt to understand and make sense of the Holocaust in the post-Holocaust world. (Modern European field) IV
HIST2204	HIST	2204	Special Topics in History	The study of an era, a problem, or a commanding figure not fully treated in other courses. Topics change from term to term and are announced in advance. May be repeated for credit. CR/NC grading when used as a travel course. Prerequisite: Any TU History Course or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. (Students may petition the program to allow Special Topics courses to fulfill history major field distribution requirements.) IV
HIST2224	HIST	2224	Archaic and Classical Greece	A survey of the political, social, and cultural history of ancient Greece, with emphasis on the era of the polis. (Pre-Modern field) IV
HIST2244	HIST	2244	The Roman Empire	A survey of Roman history from the beginnings of the principate through the late antique period (i.e., first-sixth centuries A.D.) with an emphasis on Roman political and social institutions, the definition of citizenship, and the problem of unity in a multicultural society. (Pre-Modern field) Also listed as CLA-2144. IV
HIST2304	HIST	2304	Pre-Modern China	An examination of Chinese history from the Shang Dynasty (c. 1500-1122 B.C.) through the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Special emphasis is placed on social and intellectual developments that influenced Chinese culture. (Pre-Modern field; Non-Western field) III A or IV
HIST2374	HIST	2374	History of Africa	A study of African history from pre-colonial times to the present. Areas of focus include Africa's indigenous cultural, social and political developments in the pre-colonial period and the changes brought by encounters with the outside world. The course stresses the importance of history to understanding the socio-political situation in contemporary Africa. (Non-Western field) III A or IV
HIST2384	HIST	2384	History of Brazil	This course provides an overview of the history and culture of Brazil, covering the period between first European contact in 1500 and the present. Eliciting special attention is the country's long experience with African slavery and its legacies, including the myth of Brazil's "racial democracy." The course draws attention to the deep ties that bind Brazilians and other peoples, and considers the history and character of Brazil's cultural touchstones, such as carnival, samba, and soccer. Prerequisite: HIST 1024, 1054, 1064, or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. (Non-Western field) III A or IV; V 
HIST2404	HIST	2404	Latin American Civilization I	Surveys Latin American civilization from its pre-Columbian beginnings to the independence movements of the early nineteenth century. Focus will be placed on the encounters among European, African, and indigenous peoples that resulted in new and changing cultures. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. (Non- Western field) III A or IV; V
HIST2414	HIST	2414	Latin American Civilization II	Surveys Latin American civilization from the period of independence to the present. Though the focus is, from time to time, placed on a particular culture, country, or region, the stress will be on the themes and movements common to Latin America as a whole. Emphasis will be placed on those aspects of the Latin American past that helped to shape and explain its present. (Non- Western field) III A or IV; V
HIST2424	HIST	2424	Sports in Latin America and the Caribbean	This course examines the history of sports in Latin America. It considers traditional pastimes, such as horseracing and bullfighting, but concentrates on the history of modern team sports in the region. It is particularly concerned with the reasons Latin Americans adopted foreign sports like soccer and baseball; how they made these sports their own; how sports reflect and affect the region's race, class, and gender relations; and how sports interface with local economies and politics. Prerequisite: Any Transylvania history course.(Non-Western Field) IV
HIST2444	HIST	2444	Latin American Rebels & Dictators	This course examines rebellion and dictatorship in Latin America, focusing on the period between 1900 and the present. It considers why rebellion and dictatorship have so characterized Latin American history, and the intimate relationship between the two. The course focuses on countries with deep experience of rebellion and dictatorship, and while it focuses on the political histories of dictatorships and rebellions, it also considers the cultural, social, and economic factors and consequences of these histories. Prerequisite: HIST 1024,1154, 1164, or permission of instructor. (Non-Western field). III A or IV;V
HIST2744	HIST	2744	Research Methods Seminar	An introduction to historical research methods, concentrating on the nature, use, evaluation, and analysis of primary sources. Students will examine a variety of primary sources, which may include memoirs, newspapers, archival documents, oral histories, and other materials. Students will also develop skills in placing sources in their proper historical context and in constructing historical arguments. Prerequisite: Any 1000-level history course. IV
HIST2834	HIST	2834	Ancient Polis	This course examines the ideal of the good life in the ancient city, as refined in thought, articulated in a structured environment, and developed across cultures and over time. Also listed as ANTH-2834, CLA-2834, PHIL-2834.  IV
HIST3044	HIST	3044	Global Environmental History	This course examines the history of human interaction with the natural environment, utilizing a global lens and focusing upon the period since 1492. It explores the influence of humans on the natural world and the influence of nature on human activities and choices. Themes include environmental exchange between world regions, the extent and limitations of human agency, the emergence of the environmentalist movement, and others drawn from students' interests and research. Prerequisite: Any Transylvania University History course and FYS-1104. IV;V
HIST3084	HIST	3084	England Since 1660	Study of English history from the Restoration to the present. Considerable emphasis on class discussion of key topics or problems in English history (e.g., Revolution of 1688, George III, and the Irish problem) based on outside reading. Prerequisite: HIST 1024 and FYS 1104. (Modern European field)IV; V
HIST3124	HIST	3124	Women in American Life and Thought	An examination of the role of women in American life and thought involving an analysis of the changing roles of women from the colonial era to the present. Focus on the varieties of women's experiences at every level of social life, in the professions, and in the family, as well as women's struggle for suffrage and equal rights. Prerequisite: HIST 1154 or WS 1004 and FYS 1104. Also listed as WS 3124. (U.S. field) IV; V
HIST3144	HIST	3144	Gender in European History	Investigates how understandings of gender have affected European women and men from the Enlightenment to the contemporary era. Topics covered may include the relationship of gender to the revolution, industrialization, imperialism, totalitarianism, and total war, as well as the role of gender in everyday life. Prerequisite: HIST 1024, 2144, 2154, WS 1004, or permission of instructor. Also listed as WS 3144 (Modern European field)  IV
HIST3154	HIST	3154	Recent American History	An examination of the major forces that have shaped contemporary America. Set against the backdrop of Cold War political culture, the course will focus on such topics as the Vietnam War, Watergate, civil rights movements, and identity politics. Prerequisite: HIST 1164 and FYS 1104. (U.S. field) IV; V
HIST3204	HIST	3204	Special Topics in History	The advanced study of an era, a problem, or a commanding figure not fully treated in other courses.  Topics change from term to term and are announced in advance.  May be repeated for credit. CR/NC grading when used as a travel course. Prerequisite: Established by the individual instructor each time the course is offered. (Students may petition the program to allow Special Topics courses to fulfill history major field distribution requirements.)  IV
HIST3224	HIST	3224	Diplomacy & War in Antiquity	Aims to provide a richer understanding of how political differences were settled in antiquity, with a view to ascertaining which problems and solutions are relevant only to the context of their time, and which might be instructive to us in the present. Prerequisite: HIST 1014 or permission of instructor. (Pre-Modern field) IV
HIST3244	HIST	3244	Julius Caesar	Julius Caesar is a pivotal figure, particularly significant for Americans because he represents a realized alternative to a republican government, and a study of his rise to supreme authority is an object lesson in the destabilizing and perversion of a constitution. Even so, he was a truly dramatic figure, with his great virtue, his clemency, being his tragic flaw. This course will illuminate the context and method of Caesar's rise to power. Prerequisite: HIST 1014 or permission of instructor. (Pre-Modern field) IV
HIST3304	HIST	3304	Emergence of Modern America 1893-1920	An examination of the major intellectual, cultural, political, social, and economic forces that shaped modern America. Set against the backdrop of industrialism, urbanization, and western settlement, the course will focus on such topics as large-scale immigration, reform efforts, the fight for women's suffrage, the rise of professionalism, and the expanding role of the United States in foreign affairs. Prerequisite: HIST 1164 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. (U.S. field) IV; V
HIST3324	HIST	3324	Colonial America: 1565-1787	An examination and critical evaluation of the cultural, social, political, and economic forces that shaped the area which became the United States. Particular attention will be given to the relationships between Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans; the role of the wilderness and frontier in American culture; and the colonists' use of republican ideology. The course will also focus on a variety of historical interpretations/perspectives. Prerequisite: HIST 1154 and FYS 1104. (U.S. field) IV; V
HIST3344	HIST	3344	The New Nation: 1787-1861	A critical evaluation of the cultural, social, political, and economic forces that shaped the United States in its early years as a nation. Particular attention will be given to the development of a political party system, the rise of industrialism, the variety of settlement patterns by Americans, and the roles of race/class/gender relations in forming national identity. This course will also focus on diverse historical interpretations and perspectives. Prerequisite: HIST 1154 and FYS-1104. (U.S. field) IV; V
HIST3404	HIST	3404	Europe, 1914-1945	A study of Europe during and between the two world wars, focusing on political, social, military, and cultural issues. Special emphasis is placed on the concept of total war and its effect on political and social institutions. Other topics include the Russian Revolution, the rise of Fascism and Nazism, the crisis of democracy and the approach of World War II, and Europe's relations with the non-European world. Prerequisite: HIST 1024 and FYS 1104. (Modern European field) IV; V
HIST3414	HIST	3414	The Contemporary World, 1945 to the Present	A study of the forces that have shaped the world since 1945, including the Cold War, decolonization and neo-colonialism, the rise of emerging nations in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, the collapse of communism in Europe, and the growth of globalization. Prerequisite: HIST 1024 and FYS 1104. (Modern European field) IV; V
HIST3424	HIST	3424	United States - Latin American Relations	Examines the relations between the United States, Latin America and the Caribbean and their development from the mid-nineteenth century to the present.  This course concentrates on the experiences of some of the countries with the closest experience of American power, such as Haiti and Guatemala, but it also takes into account the history of the entire region's relationship with the U.S., including the importance of large-scale migration. Prerequisite: HIST 1164, 2404, 2414, 3444, or 3454.  IV
HIST3464	HIST	3464	Modern German History	A survey of German political and social history from 1848 to the present. Main topics include nationalism and the formation of the German state, German experiences in the two world wars and the efforts to build democracy in the context of military defeat, the rise of Nazism, and the dilemmas posed by re-unification at the end of the Cold War. Prerequisite: HIST 1024 and FYS 1104. (Modern European field) IV; V
HIST3554	HIST	3554	History of Imperial Russia	An examination of autocracy, bureaucracy, and serfdom in Imperial Russia. Focus is on the attempts to modernize the empire in the nineteenth century, the revolutionary movements from Decembrism to Leninism, the era of 'Great Reforms,' and the critical role of the intelligentsia. Concludes with the revolution of 1905 and the events leading to 1917. Prerequisite: HIST 1014 or 1024 and FYS 1104. (Modern European field) IV; V
HIST3564	HIST	3564	History of the Soviet Union	An examination of the February and Bolshevik revolutions, the rule of Lenin and Stalin, collectivization, the purges, the Nazi-Soviet pact, World War II, and de-Stalinization. Prerequisite: HIST 1024 and FYS 1104. (Modern European field)IV; V
HIST3624	HIST	3624	From Alexander to Cleopatra	An exploration of the Greek and Roman experience during the period 336-31 B.C. Its primary objective is to examine the interplay between cultures in a historical context. Topics for discussion include the creation of identity, patterns of cultural assimilation, equity within and between societies, civil-military relations, and the use and abuse of propaganda. Prerequisite: HIST 1014 and FYS 1104. (Pre-Modern field) IV; V
HIST4194	HIST	4194	Historical Methodology	A study of the basic methods and tools of historical research and the techniques of writing effective research papers. Discussion of current issues in the study of history. Prerequisites: HIST 1014, 1024, 1154, and 1164. IV
HIST4204	HIST	4204	Internship in History	A program offering supervised placement in organizations providing experience in use, dissemination, or administration of historical materials and information. The student chooses an appropriate organization in consultation with the internship supervisor. (1 or 2 course units.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing, history major, and permission of instructor. A total of 2 course units may be counted toward the major.
HIST4208	HIST	4208	Internship in History	A program offering supervised placement in organizations providing experience in use, dissemination, or administration of historical materials and information. The student chooses an appropriate organization in consultation with the internship supervisor. (1 or 2 course units.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing, history major, and permission of instructor. A total of 2 course units may be counted toward the major.
HIST4444	HIST	4444	Senior Research Seminar	An extensive study of a period of history, culminating in a research paper or a bibliographic essay. May be repeated an indefinite number of times provided the topic is different. Prerequisite: HIST 4194 or permission of the instructor. IV
HIST4904	HIST	4904	Senior Honors	Provides an opportunity for the qualified history major to do independent work in the field under the supervision of a faculty member. A senior who has taken 7 courses in history and who has a 3.0 grade point average overall and in major courses may apply to enter the program by submitting a project proposal and securing permission of the faculty. Students may receive credit for either 1 or 2 course units, depending on the project, but they may not receive credit for more than 1 course unit per term.
HISTELECT1	HIST	ELECT1	History Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	History  Major/Minor Elective Placeholder
IDS1111	IDS	1111	Service Learning in Guatemala	Students will spend a week in Guatemala for a service learning course. This course will allow the students to become immersed in a foreign culture as they explore different cities and villages in and around Guatemala City. There will be opportunities to work on different service projects such as building a home, working at an orphanage, and helping at a village school. These projects will vary for each iteration of the course. May be repeated for credit.  CR/NC grading.  (1/4 course unit)
IDS2014	IDS	2014	Further Engagements	In a leisurely, reflective atmosphere, students discuss significant works in the tradition of liberal education, with the aim of mutually inquiring how a text works and exploring its understanding of humans and their world.  Each iteration of the course will develop a central theme to focus the discussion.  Students' writing and oral mid-term and final exams will both further the above aim and build connections among the texts read.  Course may be repeated once for credit if the reading material differs substantially.  Credit/no credit grading. IV
IDS2104	IDS	2104	Creative Disruption	Through class discussion of a variety of texts (including social and political theory, feminist theory, interventionist art, philosophy, popular media outlets, psychology, and literature), this course encourages students to interrogate culturally established norms and the systems of power that benefit from them. Students learn to question their own participation within systems of control and to stage daily disruptions to these systems.  IV
IDS2204	IDS	2204	The Garden of Transylvania	This interdisciplinary course includes readings on gardens plus planning and creating an actual garden. The class will research soil testing methods and discuss sustainable organic gardening, companion planting, cultural traditions, and the sociology and philosophy of gardening. The class will work on local community gardens, hear from experts on sustainable academic farms, and discuss composting, weeding, harvesting, and saving seeds. Works of philosophers, poets, scientists, artists, and farmers will be covered, mostly about gardens. IV
IDS2291	IDS	2291	Special Topics/Interdisciplinary Studies	Offered periodically in order to present creative or special topics of interdisciplinary interest. Particular instructors may choose standard or CR/NC grading for the class. (1/4 course unit.)
IDS2292	IDS	2292	Special Topics/Interdisciplinary Studies	Offered periodically in order to present creative or special topics of interdisciplinary interest. May be repeated for credit if the topic is different.  Particular instructors may choose standard or CR/NC grading for the class. (1/2 course unit.)
IDS2294	IDS	2294	Special Topics/Interdisciplinary Studies	Offered periodically in order to present creative or special topics of interdisciplinary interest. May be repeated for credit if the topic is different.  Particular instructors may choose standard or CR/NC grading for the class. (1 course unit.) IV
IDS3024	IDS	3024	Community Engagement Through the Arts	This course aims to build meaningful and collaborative connections between Transylvania and our neighbors to the North and East. To that end, it includes regular meetings with a variety of community leaders, attending neighborhood association meetings, recording oral history interviews with residents of the North Limestone neighborhood, working on a collaborative class project, writing weekly "This I Believe" essays, and discussing readings that provide context for thinking about the communities with which the class engages.  May be repeated for credit.  IV
IDS3292	IDS	3292	Special Topics/Interdisciplinary Studies	Offered periodically in order to present creative or special topics of interdisciplinary interest. May be repeated for credit if the topic is different.  Particular instructors may choose standard or CR/NC grading for the class. Prerequisites: permission of instructor.(1/2 course unit.)
IDS3294	IDS	3294	Special Topics/Interdisciplinary Studies	Offered periodically in order to present creative or special topics of interdisciplinary interest. May be repeated for credit if the topic is different.  Particular instructors may choose standard or CR/NC grading for the class. Prerequisites: permission of instructor. (1 course unit.) IV
IDS3314	IDS	3314	Readings in Peace Education	A study of peace from a variety of disciplinary viewpoints. Readings and other materials encourage students to question the rationale(s) for war and analyze arguments made for solving conflicts in ways that promote peace. Theories and definitions related to violence, nonviolence, war, and pacifism, as well as positive and negative peace will be explored. The theoretical emphasis of the course focuses on the carving out of appropriate epistemologies that develop an education for peace. Prerequisite: Junior standing or permission of instructor.  Also listed as EDU-3314. IV
IDS3344	IDS	3344	Global Health	A multidisciplinary investigation of global health emphasizing a critical evaluation of its current status and prospects in several under-resourced countries. The course will focus on ways in which culture, economics, philosophy, science and political policies influence population health, especially as these are evidenced in nutrition; epidemiology and infectious disease; maternal/child health; and chronic diseases that result from population trends such as obesity and smoking. Prerequisites: 1 course in ANTH, PHIL, BIO, PS, or EXSCI. Also listed as ANTH 3344. III A or IV
INTL4444	INTL	4444	Senior Seminar in International Affairs	The culminating experience for the major in international affairs. Integrates political, economic, and historical aspects of the discipline with theoretical, empirical and normative aspects of the discipline. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. IV
LAT1014	LAT	1014	Latin I	An introduction to the grammar, morphology, and syntax of classical Latin. Laboratory required.
LAT1024	LAT	1024	Latin II	A continuation of LAT 1014 with attention to Latin literature and culture. Prerequisite: LAT 1014. Laboratory required.
LAT1034	LAT	1034	Latin III	A continuation of LAT 1024. Attention will be given to new aspects of Latin grammar, syntax, and style. We will examine selections from Latin poetry and prose in order to develop further reading skills and a critical appreciation of Latin literature. Authors read will change from term to term. Prerequisite: LAT 1024 or permission of instructor. Laboratory required.
LAT2014	LAT	2014	Readings in Latin Literature	A continuation of LAT 1034. A study of the Latin language and literature through close study of selected authors. Prerequisite: LAT 1034 or equivalent proficiency. IV
LAT3014	LAT	3014	Independent Study and Research	May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
LAT3024	LAT	3024	Advanced Readings in Latin Literature	Reading and critical analysis of the work of a major Roman author and discussion of the author's contributions to the literary tradition. Authors will vary and the course may be repeated with a different author. Prerequisite: LAT 2014.
MATH1034	MATH	1034	Introduction to Contemporary Mathematics	A survey of mathematical ideas that are important in contemporary applications of mathematics. The primary aim is to develop conceptual understanding and appreciation, not necessarily computational expertise. The course will assume only basic ability in arithmetic, geometry, and elementary algebra. I Mathematics
MATH1144	MATH	1144	Elementary Statistics	Emphasis on applied statistics. Included are topics related to data collection (random sampling and experimental design), organizing and describing data (histograms, mean, standard deviation, correlation, and least squares regression), probability theory (finite probability and the normal distribution), and inferential statistics (confidence intervals and tests of significance). I Mathematics
MATH1214	MATH	1214	Functions	The function concept and elementary functions important in mathematics and its applications. Included are the general theory of functions and graphing, polynomial and algebraic functions, logarithmic and exponential functions, trigonometric functions, topics from analytic geometry, and polar coordinates. Credit is not allowed for this course if the student has college credit for calculus.
MATH1304	MATH	1304	Calculus I	Topics on limits and continuity; derivatives and integrals of algebraic, logarithmic, exponential, and trigonometric functions; applications of differentiation; the differential and anti-differentiation, and the definite integral. Laboratory. Prerequisite: ACT Math score of 26 or above/SAT Math score of 590 or above, a grade of C or better in MATH 1214 or permission of instructor.  I Mathematics.
MATH1324	MATH	1324	Calculus II	Topics on applications of the definite integral; techniques of integration; polar coordinates; indeterminate forms, improper integrals; and infinite series.  Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in MATH 1304. I Mathematics
MATH2084	MATH	2084	Differential Equations	Standard methods of solving ordinary differential equations, singular solutions, simultaneous differential equations, special second-order differential equations, and applications to geometry, mechanics, and physics. Prerequisite: MATH 1324. IV
MATH2094	MATH	2094	Special Topics in Mathematics	Current topics in any field of mathematics at the sophomore level may be offered when there is demand. May be taken for credit more than once. Prerequisites: Determined by topic. May not be chosen as a major or minor pattern elective in mathematics. IV
MATH2144	MATH	2144	Calculus III	A continuation of MATH 1324. Topics on vectors in the plane and in three dimensional space, calculus of functions of several variables, partial derivatives, multiple integration and vector calculus. Prerequisite: A grade of C- or better in MATH 1324. IV
MATH2204	MATH	2204	Linear Algebra	Systems of linear equations and their solution, theory of matrices, linear transformations, characteristic values, and inner product spaces. Prerequisite: MATH 1324 or Permission of instructor. IV
MATH2504	MATH	2504	The Mathematician's Toolkit	What do mathematicians do? How is mathematics done? This course explores these questions via an introduction to the mathematical habits of mind and abstract reasoning requisite for the study of mathematics. Core mathematical concepts such as sets, elementary logic, proof techniques, functions and relations, cardinality and counting are studied. Serving as a transition course, the content and philosophy of the course are designed to introduce students to the type of mathematics encountered in upper-level courses. Prerequisite: Math 1324 or permission of instructor. Math majors are strongly encouraged to take this course during their first two years. IV
MATH3014	MATH	3014	Modern Geometry	A survey of modern geometry using both synthetic and analytic points of view. Topics include axiomatics, finite geometries, Euclidean geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, transformational geometry, and geometric constructions. Prerequisite: MATH-2504 or Permission of instructor. IV
MATH3024	MATH	3024	Theory of Numbers	Integers, unique factorization, linear Diophantine equations, congruences, Fermat's and Wilson's theorems, divisors, perfect numbers, Euler's theorem and function, primitive roots and indices, quadratic congruences, numbers in other bases, Pythagorean triangles, and sums of two squares. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. IV
MATH3094	MATH	3094	Special Topics in Mathematics	Topics such as topology, differential geometry, complex variables, advanced differential equations, and operations research are offered when there is demand. May be taken for credit more than once. Prerequisite: Determined by topic. May be chosen as a major pattern elective in mathematics or teaching mathematics. IV
MATH3114	MATH	3114	Higher Analysis	Continues the study of calculus to limits, continuous functions, bounded functions, intermediate value theorem, Taylor's formula and L'Hompital's rule, vectors and their application, Cauchy's generalized law of the mean, functions of several variables, and partial differentiation. Prerequisite: MATH 2504 or permission of instructor. IV
MATH3134	MATH	3134	Probability and Statistics	Combinatorial analysis; axioms of probability; discrete and continuous random variables; expectations; estimation, maximum likelihood and unbiased estimators; statistical hypotheses and statistical tests; and regression.  Prerequisite: MATH 2144. Suggested for mathematics majors; may be taken as a major pattern elective in teaching mathematics. IV
MATH3224	MATH	3224	Abstract Algebra	An axiomatic approach to the number system, general algebraic systems, groups, rings, integral domains, and fields. Prerequisite: Take MATH 2504 or Permission of instructor. IV
MATH3304	MATH	3304	Numerical Analysis	An investigation of numerical methods for computer solutions of applied problems. Topics include review of calculus, round-off errors and computer arithmetic, solutions of equations in one variable, interpolation and polynomial approximation, approximation theory, numerical differentiation, and integration. Prerequisite: MATH 1324 or permission of instructor. Also listed as CS 3304. IV
MATH4204	MATH	4204	Mathematics Internship	A course offering students supervised instruction in a non-classroom setting. May not be used to meet the requirements for a mathematics major. CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Junior or senior status and permission of mathematics program director.
MATH4214	MATH	4214	Independent Study	Readings on an approved topic. May be repeated once for credit. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Determined by topic. Major pattern elective in mathematics.
MATH4294	MATH	4294	Senior Seminar	Senior Seminar is the capstone course for the mathematics major. The course will encourage students to explore important mathematical ideas through the use and integration of previous mathematical courses and a variety of mathematical techniques. The course will include opportunities for students to read mathematical papers, write mathematics - both careful proofs as well as exposition - and to make mathematical presentations. The specific topics covered will be determined by the instructor.
MATH4314	MATH	4314	Honors in Mathematics	A topic, chosen by the student in consultation with a professor, is studied in depth. Will use library facilities for research. All work will be independent. May be taken for credit more than once. Prerequisites: Determined by topic.
MATHELECT1	MATH	ELECT1	Math Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	Mathematics Major/Minor Elective Placeholder
MUS10	MUS	10	University Applied Music Lessons	Music lessons for non-majors/minors or non-juried lessons for music majors/minors. Half-hour lessons each week.  CR/NC grading (1/4 course unit)
MUS1004	MUS	1004	Music Appreciation	A survey of Western Art Music from the Middle Ages to the present. The course develops advanced listening skills and contextualizes musical works and styles within a broad cultural framework. II Fine Arts
MUS1024	MUS	1024	Introduction to Music Technology	An introduction to music software applications and hardware components used in the teaching and production of music.  Topics include Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), notation, synthesis, digital sequencing, computer assisted instruction, audio mixing and recording, and the history of electronic music. Students are introduced to many software programs and work closely with Pro Tools and Sibelius. Technologies, as well as aesthetics concepts, are introduced and explored through creative projects.
MUS11	MUS	11	1st Semester Major/Minor Lesson	
MUS1154	MUS	1154	Excursions Into Non-Western Music	Introduces students to the music of cultures that developed apart from the Eurocentric tradition, including but not limited to sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, the Pacific Rim, Latin and South America, Native America, and the Asian Subcontinent. III A
MUS12	MUS	12	2nd Semester Major/Minor Lesson	
MUS1274	MUS	1274	Music Theory for the University Student	Develops proficiency in the specific skills and theoretical concepts necessary to read and write music, as well as in the related aural and keyboard skills. Basic pitch and rhythmic notation and manuscript techniques, scales and keys, intervals, chords (including both traditional and commercial notation), and transposition and harmonization. II Fine Arts
MUS1864	MUS	1864	Theoretical Skills of Music I	Intended for the student with some music background, this course combines classroom theory with skill-related development for the serious musician. Beginning with a review of music reading, the student proceeds quickly through musical rudiments to the study of part-writing. The course also includes an introduction to the solfege system, sight-reading, as well as to the keyboard. II Fine Arts
MUS2024	MUS	2024	Audio Recording Technology	A practical study of applications in analog and digital recording technology. Topics of study include the physical aspects of sound, microphone techniques, recording console operation, signal processing and digital effects equipment, hard-disc recording and reproduction, and mastering and mixing techniques. Students will gain experience in hardware and software use. Prerequisite: MUS 1024.  IV
MUS2034	MUS	2034	Interactive Music and Multimedia	As digital interactivity increases in many aspects of 21st-century life, it exerts a dramatic impact on the arts. This course examines the aesthetics and technologies of recent interactive artworks, from interactive musical compositions and video pieces, to multimedia installations and performances involving interactive dance technology. Students develop their own interactive projects and learn to program in Max--a graphical computer language for user interface construction, audio synthesis and signal processing, and video capture and rendering. Prerequisite: MUS 1024.  IV
MUS2051	MUS	2051	Transylvania Choir	Participation in ensembles which meet a minimum of twice a week will result in the granting of 1/4 course unit of credit per term toward graduation. All ensembles use standard grading and may be repeated for credit. Music majors may count a maximum of 2 course units of ensemble credit toward the major.
MUS2061	MUS	2061	Transylvania Concert Band	Participation in ensembles which meet a minimum of twice a week will result in the granting of 1/4 course unit of credit per term toward graduation. All ensembles use standard grading and may be repeated for credit. Music majors may count a maximum of 2 course units of ensemble credit toward the major.
MUS2071	MUS	2071	Jazz Ensemble	Participation in ensembles which meet a minimum of twice a week will result in the granting of 1/4 course unit of credit per term toward graduation. All ensembles use standard grading and may be repeated for credit. May not be used to satisfy ensemble requirement for major, minor, or music scholarship. 
MUS2081	MUS	2081	Chamber Orchestra	Participation in ensembles which meet a minimum of twice a week will result in the granting of 1/4 course unit of credit per term toward graduation. All ensembles use standard grading and may be repeated for credit. Music majors may count a maximum of 2 course units of ensemble credit toward the major.
MUS21	MUS	21	3rd Semester Major/Minor Lesson	
MUS2114	MUS	2114	History of Music: Ancient to Baroque	A survey of music history from ancient times to 1750. Prerequisite: MUS 1864 and FYS 1104. IV; V
MUS2121	MUS	2121	Madrigal Singers	Participation in ensembles which meet a minimum of twice a week will result in the granting of 1/4 course unit of credit per term toward graduation. All ensembles use standard grading and may be repeated for credit. May not be used to satisfy ensemble requirement for major, minor, or music scholarship. 
MUS2124	MUS	2124	History of Music: Baroque to Present	A survey of music history from 1725 to the present. Prerequisite: MUS 1864 and FYS 1104. IV; V
MUS2131	MUS	2131	Transylvania Singers Women's Chorus	Participation in ensembles which meet a minimum of twice a week will result in the granting of 1/4 course unit of credit per term toward graduation. All ensembles use standard grading and may be repeated for credit. Music majors may count a maximum of 2 course units of ensemble credit toward the major.
MUS2151	MUS	2151	Accompanying	Participation in ensembles which meet a minimum of twice a week will result in the granting of 1/4 course unit of credit per term toward graduation. All ensembles use standard grading and may be repeated for credit. May not be used to satisfy ensemble requirement for major, minor, or music scholarship. 
MUS2171	MUS	2171	Pioneer Voices Men's Chorus	Participation in ensembles which meet a minimum of twice a week will result in the granting of 1/4 course unit of credit per term toward graduation. All ensembles use standard grading and may be repeated for credit. Music majors may count a maximum of 2 course units of ensemble credit toward the major.
MUS22	MUS	22	4th Semester Major/Minor Lesson	
MUS2291	MUS	2291	Special Topics in Music	The study of an area of inquiry in music not fully treated in other courses. Topics may be theoretical, historical, or practical and may include, but not be limited to, travel/performance opportunities. Topics change. May be repeated for credit if the topic is different. (1/2 course unit.)Standard or CR/NC grading, depending on topic. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
MUS2292	MUS	2292	Special Topics in Music	The study of an area of inquiry in music not fully treated in other courses. Topics may be theoretical, historical, or practical and may include, but not be limited to, travel/performance opportunities. Topics change. May be repeated for credit if the topic is different. (1/2 course unit.)Standard or CR/NC grading, depending on topic. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
MUS2294	MUS	2294	Special Topics in Music	The study of an area of inquiry in music not fully treated in other courses. Topics may be theoretical, historical, or practical and may include, but not be limited to, travel/performance opportunities. Topics change. May be repeated for credit if the topic is different. (1 course unit.) Standard or CR/NC grading, depending on topic. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. IV
MUS2304	MUS	2304	Music Cognition	Understanding the complex and mysterious musical mind is a relatively new and interdisciplinary effort. Music cognition applies the methods of cognitive science (experimental, computational, and neurological) to musical issues and problems. Psychoacoustics compares the physical characteristics of sound (harmonic spectrum, intensity, physical location in space) with what is actually perceived by the listener (timbre, pitch, loudness, perceived position in space). Recent research and experiments in psychoacoustics and music cognition will be studied and reproduced. Prerequisite: Sophomore standing and familiarity with basic music notation. IV 
MUS2311	MUS	2311	Guitar Ensemble	Participation in ensembles which meet a minimum of twice a week will result in the granting of 1/4 course unit of credit per term toward graduation. All ensembles use standard grading and may be repeated for credit. Music majors may count a maximum of 2 course units of ensemble credit toward the major.
MUS2321	MUS	2321	Opera Workshop	Participation in ensembles which meet a minimum of twice a week will result in the granting of 1/4 course unit of credit per term toward graduation. All ensembles use standard grading and may be repeated for credit. May not be used to satisfy ensemble requirement for major, minor, or music scholarship. 
MUS2774	MUS	2774	History of Jazz/Rock Music	Explores the special cross-cultural development of American popular music since 1900. From African and European roots, this music evolves into the blues, New Orleans jazz, swing, the jazz avant-garde, and current jazz styles. The course then considers the 'language of rebellion' as a seminal factor in the rapid development of Rock to present day. Rock styles presented will include electric blues, rockabilly and the British invasion; acid rock and psychedelic blues; corporate rock, metal, and punk; grunge, rap and industrial; current mainstream and alternative styles; and the development of popular music since the 1990s in response to the internet revolution. Requires library research of special period, topic, style, or artists, as approved by instructor, to result in a formal research document.  When taught in May term, students travel to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland to undertake a portion of this research. Prerequisite: FYS 1104. IV; V
MUS2864	MUS	2864	Theoretical Skills of Music II	A continuation of Music 1864, introducing chromatic harmony and emphasizing part-writing, cadences and small forms, and musical elaboration techniques. A continued emphasis on musicianship includes longer and more complex sight-reading and dictation, as well as greater emphasis on keyboard improvisation. Lab required. Prerequisite: MUS 1864. IV Prerequisite for all 3000- and 4000-level music courses: MUS 2864 or permission of instructor.
MUS3072	MUS	3072	Piano Pedagogy I	A study of teaching procedures and material for piano instruction with adaptation to various age levels, including the adult beginner. Correct habits of study and performance, recognition of individual differences, presentation of sight-reading, technical material, aural development, memorization, pedaling, and music interpretation are considered. Leading piano methods and supplementary materials are examined with application to individual and class lessons. One-hour lecture and one-hour supervised teaching per week. (1/2 course unit.)
MUS3082	MUS	3082	Piano Pedagogy II	A continuation of MUS 3072. (1/2 course unit.) Prerequisite: MUS 3072.
MUS31	MUS	31	5th Semester Major/Minor Lesson	
MUS3122	MUS	3122	String Performance and Pedagogy	The teacher education student will learn the basic performance skills of the instrument family and develop strategies for teaching those skills to students at all levels of instruction (1/2 course unit.) Prerequisite: MUS 2864, Theoretical Skills of Music II
MUS3132	MUS	3132	Woodwind Performance and Pedagogy	The teacher education student will learn the basic performance skills of the instrument family and develop strategies for teaching those skills to students at all levels of instruction (1/2 course unit.)  Prerequisite: MUS-2864
MUS3142	MUS	3142	Brass Performance and Pedagogy	The teacher education student will learn the basic performance skills of the instrument family and develop strategies for teaching those skills to students at all levels of instruction (1/2 course unit.) Prerequisite: MUS-2864
MUS3152	MUS	3152	Diction for Singers I	Singing diction as well as vocal techniques appropriate for the pronunciation of languages common to the classical vocal repertoire are studied. The languages studied in this term are English and Italian. (1/2 course unit.)
MUS3162	MUS	3162	Percussion Performance and Pedagogy	The teacher education student will learn the basic performance skills of the instrument family and develop strategies for teaching those skills to students at all levels of instruction (1/2 course unit.) Prerequisite: MUS-2864
MUS3194	MUS	3194	Teaching General Music	An introduction to the methods of teaching general music and singing to school children, with particular focus on the implementation of developmentally appropriate educational practices, instructional strategies, and curricular content. Special emphasis on preparing young people to sing, including physical and anatomical considerations as well as respiration, phonation, resonance, diction and expression.  Requires 15 hours of observation and interview of school personnel. Prerequisite: MUS 2864. IV
MUS32	MUS	32	6th Semester Major/Minor Lesson	
MUS3254	MUS	3254	Conducting	An introduction to the discipline of conducting, applicable to both vocal and instrumental ensembles. Students will learn how to acquire a conception of a musical work through listening, singing and realization at the keyboard; how to clarify that conception through study of the work's cultural, historical and metaphorical context; how to communicate through gesture; how to plan rehearsals; and how to evaluate their own and others' conducting in rehearsal and performance.  IV
MUS3272	MUS	3272	Piano Literature I	Survey of Baroque, classical, Romantic, and twentieth-century compositions for piano, with particular emphasis on form, style, compositional technique, historical background, and pedagogical issues. (1/2 course unit.) Prerequisites: MUS 2124 and 2864.
MUS3282	MUS	3282	Piano Literature II	In-depth study of an issue or topic, to be defined by student and instructor, related to keyboard literature. The student's work will culminate with a public presentation. (1/2 course unit.) Prerequisite: MUS 3272.
MUS3314	MUS	3314	Church Music Administration	A basic course in administering a church music program. The graded choir program, budgeting, scheduling, worship and the arts, and related topics. Prerequisite: MUS 2864. IV
MUS3322	MUS	3322	Vocal Literature I	Vocal solo literature from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries. Emphasis on the interpretation and performance of different styles. Prerequisite: MUS-2864. (1/2 course unit.)
MUS3354	MUS	3354	Teaching Instrumental Music	For teaching music majors only. Synthesizes the knowledge acquired in the foundation courses taken in the education program with the concepts and skills gained in the content area to enable the teacher education student in music to develop a successful instrumental music program. The course will focus on the implementation of developmentally appropriate educational practices, instructional strategies, and curricular content. Attention will be given to current research on the cognitive foundations of music, on music as it relates to other disciplines, on the development of the teacher education student's diagnostic and prescriptive skills, and on discipline-specific methods of assessment of student learning. Emphasis will be placed not only on the teaching of technical skills, but also on the use of that skill base as a vehicle to stimulate higher-level critical thinking on the part of the learner. Requires 15 hours of observations and interviews of school personnel. Prerequisite: MUS 2864. IV
MUS3364	MUS	3364	Teaching Choral Music	An introduction to conducting choirs and managing choral programs at the junior high/middle school and high school levels.  The course is also applicable to the church musician.  It will offer dual tracks in practical and artistic components of a successful choral music program. Prerequisite: MUS 2864. IV
MUS3864	MUS	3864	Theoretical Skills of Music III	Designed for the music major. Emphasis on chromatic harmony as exhibited in the early nineteenth century. Musicianship skills require a greater need for independence of thought and creative development. Lab required. Prerequisites: MUS 2864. IV
MUS41	MUS	41	7th Semester Major/Minor Lesson	
MUS42	MUS	42	8th Semester Major/Minor Lesson	
MUS4864	MUS	4864	Theoretical Skills of Music IV	Designed for the music major. Content emphasizes music of the late nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Musicianship skills emphasize modal recognition and sight-reading, mixed meter, and awareness of recent sonic developments. Lab required. Prerequisites: MUS 3864. IV
MUS4881	MUS	4881	Independent Study in Music	Individual projects designed to give qualified students opportunities for advanced exploration into various areas of music. (1/4 course unit.) May be repeated for credit, provided the subject changes, up to a maximum of 3 course units between 4881, 4882, and 4884. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
MUS4882	MUS	4882	Independent Study in Music	Individual projects designed to give qualified students opportunities for advanced exploration into various areas of music. (1/2 course unit.) May be repeated for credit, provided the subject changes, up to a maximum of 3 course units between 4881, 4882, and 4884. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
MUS4884	MUS	4884	Independent Study in Music	Individual projects designed to give qualified students opportunities for advanced exploration into various areas of music. (1 course unit.) May be repeated for credit, provided the subject changes, up to a maximum of 3 course units between 4881, 4882, and 4884. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
MUS4894	MUS	4894	Practicum/Internship	Individual projects designed to give qualified students opportunities for advanced exploration into various areas of music technology.
MUS4951	MUS	4951	Senior Recital	Team-taught by members of the music faculty, including the student's applied instructor, this capstone experience comprises seminar meetings, one-on-one conferences, and weekly applied lessons, culminating with a public performance. The seminar/conference component provides structure for the creation of written or aural program notes, walks the student through logistical and preparation matters related to the performance, and facilitates development of a professional portfolio. Students must be enrolled in Senior Recital during the term of their performance or the term prior, depending on the recital date. Required of all music majors-Music Education students register for 4951 (1/4 unit); Music Technology and Applied Music students register for 4952 (1/2 course unit.) Prerequisite: Senior standing
MUS4952	MUS	4952	Senior Recital	Team-taught by members of the music faculty, including the student's applied instructor, this capstone experience comprises seminar meetings, one-on-one conferences, and weekly applied lessons, culminating with a public performance. The seminar/conference component provides structure for the creation of written or aural program notes, walks the student through logistical and preparation matters related to the performance, and facilitates development of a professional portfolio. Students must be enrolled in Senior Recital during the term of their performance or the term prior, depending on the recital date. Required of all music majors-Music Education students register for 4951 (1/4 unit); Music Technology and Applied Music students register for 4952 (1/2 course unit.) Prerequisite: Senior standing
NEUR4004	NEUR	4004	Independent Research in Neuroscience	Individual faculty supervision of student research. Course may be repeated once for credit. Students taking Independent Research for two terms may apply only one unit toward an elective for the major. Prerequisites: BIO 1204, CS 2124, MATH 1304, PSY 1004, and PSY 2404.
NEUR4044	NEUR	4044	Capstone in Neuroscience	An interdisciplinary course designed to integrate and expand the student's knowledge of neuroscience. Topics will be explored through lecture, discussion, extensive reading of the primary literature and a substantial writing assignment. Prerequisite: BIO 3224 or PSY 3304 and junior or senior standing. 
NS1034	NS	1034	Medical Illustration	Designed for students interested in art applied to medicine. Content includes chart graphs, pen and ink techniques, and color and half-tone techniques that emphasize muscle structure, bone structure, arteries, veins, cysts, fat, and surgical instruments.
NS1104	NS	1104	Sight & Sound	An introductory consideration of the physics of light and sound, accompanied by a study of the biological structure and function of the visual and auditory systems. This course is designed for non-science majors, particularly students interested in the basis of sensory understanding. Students will use light and sound as launching points for an understanding of the scientific method and cross-disciplinary approaches to scientific problem solving. Lecture and laboratory. II Natural Science
NS1204	NS	1204	Origin of Life	A study of the origin of human life: starting from the origins of the universe, moving to the (atomic) structure of matter, followed by the assembly of pre-biotic material into simple life forms, and culminating in the evolution of complex life forms. Content will be organized around great discoveries in science. Emphasis will be placed on the methodology and human experience that have led to these discoveries. Lecture and laboratory.  II Natural Science
NS2294	NS	2294	Special Topics in Natural Science	The study of an area or an interdisciplinary subject that is not fully treated in other courses. Intended primarily for May term, the course will vary, depending upon the instructor, special interests, and perceived need. Topics will be announced in advance. May be repeated for credit so long as the topic is different. IV
NS3124	NS	3124	Special Projects in the Professions	A special off-campus program arranged to meet the needs of the student. For example, students interested in medicine may work with physicians or in hospitals, students interested in veterinary medicine may work with a veterinarian, students interested in marine biology may work in a marine biology station, etc. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
PE12	PE	12	Horsemanship	
PE13	PE	13	Beginning Tennis	
PE15	PE	15	Golf	
PE16	PE	16	Swimming	
PE17	PE	17	Modern Dance/Cheer	
PE18	PE	18	Cheerleading	
PE2	PE	2	Lacrosse	
PE2014	PE	2014	Team Sports I	The rules, skills, practices, and procedures essential to the teaching and coaching of football, soccer, field hockey, and volleyball. Each student is required to scout, observe, and participate in each sport.
PE2024	PE	2024	Team Sports II	The rules, skills, practices, and procedures essential to the teaching and coaching of basketball, baseball, softball, and track and field. Each student is required to scout, observe, and participate in each sport.
PE2034	PE	2034	Individual Sports I	The history, objectives, rules, and fundamentals of selected individual sports. Teaching methods in tennis, golf, gymnastics, racquetball, and handball.
PE2044	PE	2044	Individual Sports II	The history, objectives, rules, and fundamentals of selected individual sports. Teaching methods in archery, badminton, table tennis, bowling, and fly and bait casting.
PE21	PE	21	Intermediate Tennis	
PE24	PE	24	Fitness Walking and Running	
PE25	PE	25	Ultimate Frisbee	
PE27	PE	27	Ballroom Dancing	
PE3	PE	3	Volleyball	
PE31	PE	31	Beginning Weight Training	
PE33	PE	33	Aerobics	
PE34	PE	34	Outdoor Recreation	This activity course includes outdoor recreation activities such as camping, hiking, canoeing, horseback riding, and bicycling.
PE35	PE	35	Lifeguarding	Activity course designed for skilled swimmers who wish to qualify for their Red Cross Advanced Lifeguarding Certificate.
PE37	PE	37	Karate and Self Defense	This activity course introduces the traditional oriental martial art of Shotokan Karate.  It is designed to teach the basic karate and self-defense techniques.  The class will be taught in a systematic manner according to the standardized instruction method developed by the Japan Karate Association (JKA).  The JKA training method makes karate suitable for anyone.  It provides all around exercise and enhances self-confidence and self-discipline.
PE38	PE	38	Beginning Yoga	This activity course is intended as an introduction to the basic exercises and philosophies of yoga.  As practiced in Eastern cultures for millennia, yoga enhances physical flexibility and stamina, increases mental and physical energy, stimulates and expands concentration, and offers an overall sense of physical and psychological well-being.
PE4	PE	4	Field Hockey	
PE41	PE	41	Cross Country	
PE42	PE	42	Baseball	Student participation in intercollegiate baseball competition at Transylvania University.
PE43	PE	43	Advanced Weight Training	
PE47	PE	47	Beginning Tai Chi Chuan 24	This course is a seven-week introduction to the movements and breathing of Tai Chi Chuan, a 2500-year-old internal form with slow, low-impact movements unifying the mind and body.  The 24 Yang Style is form is the internationally recognized standard of Tai Chi schools.  Students will learn this complete form which, when practiced regularly, can have extraordinary health benefits, including cardio-vascular improvement, greater balance and stability, a counter to daily stress, and greater self-confidence and self-esteem.
PE48	PE	48	Beach Volleyball	
PE5	PE	5	Soccer	
PE51	PE	51	Team Sports Officiating I	
PE52	PE	52	Team Sports Officiating II	
PE53	PE	53	Advanced Golf	
PE6	PE	6	Badminton	
PE7	PE	7	Basketball	
PE8	PE	8	Bowling	
PE9	PE	9	Softball	
PHIL1024	PHIL	1024	Introduction to Philosophy	An introduction to the methods and viewpoints of philosophy and their applications to the basic questions of life. Not open to seniors. II Humanities
PHIL1154	PHIL	1154	Practical Logic	A general course on the methods of logical/critical thinking: principles of reasoning, argument forms, logical models, dialectical techniques, the use of modern symbolic notation, fallacies, and illustrations in applied logic.
PHIL2004	PHIL	2004	Feminist Philosophies	Covering authors from the 1700s through the present, this course presents a survey, exploration, and critical assessment of the varieties of philosophical thought orbiting around what have been known as the 'woman question' and 'feminism.' Topics may include educational reform, suffrage, equal rights, psychoanalysis, socialism, radical feminism, post-modernism, and feminist critiques of popular culture. Also listed as WGS 2004. IV
PHIL2084	PHIL	2084	Environmental Philosophy	A philosophical investigation of conceptions of our relations and responsibilities to the environment. Issues to be explored include animal rights, the preservation of biological diversity, and population control. IV; V
PHIL2164	PHIL	2164	Bioethics	Study of the value conflicts that arise from developments in biology and medicine. Issues include abortion, euthanasia, medical experimentation, reproductive technologies, and the allocation of scarce medical resources. Prerequisite: FYS-1104.  IV; V
PHIL2174	PHIL	2174	Anarchism	Anarchism presents a distinctive critical tradition of social-political philosophy.  This course will survey the major strains of anarchist philosophy regarding the state, religion, gender, private property, human nature, the natural environment, social change, liberty, and equality. Special attention will be given to the contrasting anarchist thought against various strains of Marxism.  The place of an anarchist thought in the panoply of American political philosophy will be addressed through an analysis of the Haymarket bombing of 1886 and the IWW.  Thinkers addressed will include Bakunin, Proudhon, Kropotkin, Goldman, Boochkin, and the Situationist International.  IV
PHIL2294	PHIL	2294	Special Topics	Exploration of a theme, author, or philosophical movement that may be of special interest but is not fully treated in other courses in the program. Usually offered in May term, with topics announced in advance. Class may be repeated for credit if topic is different. Standard or CR/NC grading. IV
PHIL2434	PHIL	2434	Machine Intelligence	Familiarizes the student with the growing field of artificial intelligence. The course will describe what artificial intelligence is, how it is presently being used, and its future uses. Students will learn to design artificial intelligence systems, such as game systems and production systems. Prerequisite: CS 2444, PHIL 1024, or PSY 1004 and FYS-1104. Also listed as CS 3434. IV; V
PHIL2504	PHIL	2504	Ancient Chinese Thought	Between the sixth and the second centuries BCE, China burgeoned with philosophical schools and their texts. Students will read those texts closely and critique them, concentrating especially on the Analects, the Chuang-Tzu, the Mencius, and the Hsun-Tzu. Special emphasis will be placed on how the traditions such texts represent react to each other as they develop increasingly sophisticated defenses of their positions. The course will also attempt to identify, assess, and avoid popular Western readings of the Chinese philosophical tradition by151in part 151incorporating recent historical findings and textual apparatus. Also listed as REL 2504.  III A or IV
PHIL2514	PHIL	2514	Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy	Examines the dawn of philosophy in ancient Greece:the early natural philosophers, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and the Hellenistic world views;the relationship of philosophy to art and science;and the meanings of Greek philosophical experience for modern times. Standard or CR/NC grading. Also listed as CLA 2514. III B or IV
PHIL2524	PHIL	2524	Philosophy of Mind	A study of the development and current status of the concept of mind. The course begins with traditional historical conceptions (dualism, behaviorism, identity theory) and proceeds to an examination of how the disciplines of cognitive science, cognitive ethology, and evolutionary psychology have affected recent thinking on the concept of mind. Special emphasis will be placed on the way in which ideology influences formulations of the mental. IV
PHIL2534	PHIL	2534	Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy	A survey of the principal philosophical achievements of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The course will address thought developed from the birth of Augustine in 354 to the burning of Giordano Bruno in 1600. The course will explore the Judaic, Islamic, and Christian traditions. Figures covered will include Augustine, Boethius, Avicenna, Anselm, Hildegard von Bingen, Averro235s, Maimonides, Aquinas, Scotus, Ockham, Cusanus, Ficino, Erasmus, Paracelsus, Montaigne, and Bruno. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: PHIL 2514. III B; or IV
PHIL2554	PHIL	2554	History of Modern Philosophy	A study of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century philosophers, including the Rationalists, Empiricists, and Kant. Standard or CR/NC grading. III B or IV
PHIL2614	PHIL	2614	Animal Minds/Human Values	An examination of human attitudes and obligations to nonhuman animals through an exploration of questions surrounding the existence, kinds, and implications of mental states in non-human animals; the conditions for and implications of ascribing rights to these non-human species; and, overall, the ways in which ideologies such as ecofeminism figure in such arguments. IV
PHIL2834	PHIL	2834	Ancient Polis	This course examines the ideal of the good life in the ancient city, as refined in thought, articulated in a structured environment, and developed across cultures and over time. Also listed as ANTH-2834, CLA-2834, and HIST-2834.  IV
PHIL3054	PHIL	3054	Philosophy of Religion	A discussion and lecture course dealing with the intellectual problems of religion (such as those of God, freedom, faith, immortality, evil, and religious knowledge). Time is also given to a study of the various schools of religious philosophy. Also listed as REL 3054.Prerequisite: FYS-1104.  IV; V
PHIL3094	PHIL	3094	Special Readings in Philosophy	Writing of a philosophical essay based on readings on an approved topic with a given bibliography and tutorial conferences. Prerequisites: One 2000-level PHIL course and permission of instructor.
PHIL3114	PHIL	3114	Political Theory I: Classical and Medieval	An examination of the foundations of the Western political tradition in Greek, Roman, and medieval thought. Focusing attention upon such major figures as Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, Machiavelli, Luther, and Calvin, explores the major questions and problems of political theory. Also listed as PS 3114. IV
PHIL3124	PHIL	3124	Political Theory II: Modern	Surveys the development of political theory in the modern and contemporary periods, focusing on such major figures as Hobbes, Locke, Hegel, Marx, Sartre, Marcuse, and others. A chronological and logical extension of PHIL/PS 3114, but PHIL/PS 3114 is not a prerequisite. Also listed as PS 3124. IV
PHIL3144	PHIL	3144	Existentialism	An exploration of the nature and meaning of existentialism as it has developed in philosophy and theology and in their interactions. Prerequisite: One 2000 level PHIL course and FYS-1104.  IV; V
PHIL3204	PHIL	3204	Philosophy of Education	Examines recurring philosophic questions related to the nature and purposes of knowledge and formal education systems through the study of classic and contemporary philosophic texts.  Educational theories, curriculum matters, and other schooling controversies will be analyzed in light of the disparate philosophic theories. The question of what it means to be an educated person will be the focus of the course. Prerequisite: EDU 2014. Also listed as EDU 3204. IV
PHIL3214	PHIL	3214	Social Theory of Karl Marx	An examination of the critical and humanistic foundations of Marx's theory of society and politics. The course will focus topically on the major components of Marx's thought, including human nature, social relations, alienation, exploitation, the historical development of capitalist society, the role of the state and ideology, and visions of future society. Also listed as PS 3214. Prerequisite: PS 1004 or PHIL 1024. IV
PHIL3294	PHIL	3294	Special Topics in Philosophy	Advanced coursework that treats with greater depth topics and authors covered in other classics courses. Topics and authors may change from term to term and are announced in advance. While prerequisites will be expected, they will vary depending on course topic. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic/author is different. IV
PHIL3304	PHIL	3304	Major Thinkers	Exploration of a major philosopher or thinker crucial to the development of philosophy, who may be of special interest to students from varied disciplinary backgrounds, but who is not fully treated in other courses in the program. Special emphasis is placed upon the intensive, historically sensitive reading of the thinker's works in order to understand in detail the interconnections among the various aspects of the thinker's investigations. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. IV
PHIL3404	PHIL	3404	Epistemology	An examination of traditional questions of knowledge, truth, and meaning especially as they are challenged by versions of skepticism and relativism. Special attention will be given to recent controversies, such as the realism-antirealism debate in philosophy of science, feminist critiques of rationality, and the plausibility of 'naturalized' epistemology. Prerequisite: One 2000-level PHIL course and FYS-1104.  IV; V
PHIL3414	PHIL	3414	Ethical Theory	An examination of several responses to the questions "How should I act?" and "What sort of person should I be?" The course will consider classical ethical theories, including those of Aristotle, Mill, and Kant, as well as recent challenges from virtue theory and feminist ethics. Prerequisite: One 2000-level PHIL course and FYS-1104. IV; V
PHIL3424	PHIL	3424	Metaphysics	Personal identity, causation, mind and body, numbers, free will-all of these and more are subjects which are studied in metaphysics. Students will conduct philosophical inquiries concerning a selection of these topics and will learn why the study of metaphysics is important not only to philosophy but also to a great many other disciplines (e.g., physics, psychology, and mathematics). Prerequisite: one 2000-level PHIL course and FYS-1104. IV; V
PHIL3434	PHIL	3434	Queer Theory	In addition to tracing the history and origins of queer theory, questions we will pursue include: whether knowledge/theory is "sexed"; who gets to theorize about whom and why; whether queer theory differs from gender theory and/or lesbian/gay/bisexual studies; the political implications of queer theory; the roles of race and class in queer theory; whether queer theory is feminist; and whether or not the recent cultural fascination with queerness signals a weakening of heternosexism in our society. Also listed as WS 3434. IV
PHIL3444	PHIL	3444	Mental Organs	By viewing the mind as a powerful digital computer, the interdisciplinary approach known as cognitive science is unlocking secrets about thought that have puzzled humans for millennia. This seminar will provide the vocabulary, background, and skills that are needed to appreciate this interdisciplinary area. Students will investigate the narrative structure of thought and language, analyze how humans can be said to have free will, and explore the nature and limits of morality. Prerequisite: CS 2444, PHIL 1024, 2514, 2554, or PSY 2404. Also listed as CS 3444. IV;V
PHIL3534	PHIL	3534	Black Feminist Theory	Examines critical and theoretical issues in Black feminism from the 19C to the present, focusing on the influential contemporary black feminist intellectual tradition that emerged in the 1970s. From this perspective, students will explore certain themes and topics, such as work, family, politics, and community, through reading the writings of Black feminists. We will also study the ways in which women and men have worked together, towards the eradication of race and gender inequality, among other systems of oppression, which have historically subjugated Black women. Although emphasis will be placed on Black feminist traditions in the United States and Britain, at the end of the semester we will consider Black feminism in global perspective. Prerequisite: WS 1004, PHIL 2004/WS 2004, or permission of instructor. Also listed as WS 3534. III B or IV.
PHIL3554	PHIL	3554	Nineteenth-Century Philosophy	One of the most creative and transformative centuries in the history of Western philosophy, thinkers of this age aimed to reenvision the philosophical project as a whole. Readings in Fichte, Schopenhauer, Feuerbach, Marx, Kierkegaard, Mill and Nitzsche will be introduced and contextualized by substantial readings from Hegel. Prerequisite: one 200-level PHIL course. IV
PHIL4014	PHIL	4014	Recent Philosophy	A study of Western philosophical developments since the beginning of the twentieth century. The course will address principal currents in Continental as well as Anglo-American philosophy. Movements addressed may include psychoanalysis, Marxism, positivism, semiotics, phenomenology, existentialism, hermeneutics, pragmatism, post-structuralism, and analytic philosophy. Prerequisite: PHIL 2514 or 2554 and FYS-1104. IV;V
PHIL4204	PHIL	4204	Internship in Philosophy	The practical application of philosophy skills in education, law, medicine, or other areas. Students choose an appropriate organization in consultation with faculty member who supervises the work. One course credit may be counted toward major. CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Five course units in philosophy and permission of instructor.
PHIL4444	PHIL	4444	Senior Seminar	Extensive examination of selected philosophical topics. Preparation, presentation, and revision of senior projects. Prerequisite: Senior major in philosophy. IV
PHIL4904	PHIL	4904	Senior Honors	Independent study of a philosophic problem involving regular conferences with the instructor and writing of a philosophic essay. (1 or 2 course units.) Prerequisites: Senior standing, at least a 3.5 grade point average in philosophy, presentation of an acceptable project proposal, and permission of instructor.
PHIL4908	PHIL	4908	Senior Honors	Independent study of a philosophic problem involving regular conferences with the instructor and writing of a philosophic essay. (1 or 2 course units.) Prerequisites: Senior standing, at least a 3.5 grade point average in philosophy, presentation of an acceptable project proposal, and permission of instructor.
PHYS1014	PHYS	1014	Conceptual Physics	A qualitative introduction to the basic principles and ideas of mechanics, heat, thermodynamics, waves, electricity, magnetism, and optics. Demonstrations, exercises, and experiments will be used to construct the fundamental concepts. Emphasis will be placed on verbal interpretation, arithmetical reasoning, functional reasoning, and graphical interpretation. There will be some quantitative and algebraic interpretation. The course is designed for all students. Lecture and laboratory. II Natural Science
PHYS1024	PHYS	1024	Measuring the Universe	An investigation of the methods used by cosmologists to determine the sizes and ages of our solar system, galaxy, and universe. Students will study gravity, light, optics (including telescopes), the formation of stars and black holes, Doppler shifts, and the expansion of the universe. Lecture and laboratory. II Natural  Science
PHYS2115	PHYS	2115	University Physics I	A calculus-based introduction to mechanics and thermodynamics. Fundamental principles such as energy and momentum conservation are stressed. The development of problem-solving skills is also emphasized. This is a required course for physics, chemistry, biology, and preengineering majors. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite or corequisite: MATH 1304. II Natural Science or IV
PHYS2125	PHYS	2125	University Physics II	A continuation of PHYS 2115. The fundamental concepts of electricity, magnetism, and optics will be developed in a calculus environment. Continued stress on problem-solving skills. Required for physics, chemistry, biology, and pre-engineering majors. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: PHYS 2115. IV
PHYS2154	PHYS	2154	Special Relativity	An introduction to Einstein's special theory of relativity with emphasis on Lorentz transformations of fundamental physical quantities and descriptions of particle motions using space-time diagrams. Interesting effects such as time dilation, length contraction, the Doppler shift and the twin paradox will be studied. Conservation of mass-energy will be applied to problems in nuclear and particle physics, and the relationship between electricity and magnetism will be investigated.  Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: PHYS 2125.   IV
PHYS2164	PHYS	2164	Modern Physics	An elementary presentation of quantum physics, followed by applications to atoms and molecules, as well as an introduction to statistical mechanics. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: PHYS 2125. IV
PHYS2404	PHYS	2404	Optics	A study of geometrical, physical, and modern optics. Emphasis on the electromagnetic wave nature of light and the particle nature of light, photons. Topics include reflection and refraction, lenses, optical instruments, interference, diffraction, polarization, spectroscopy, lasers, and laser light. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: PHYS 2125. IV
PHYS2444	PHYS	2444	Special Topics in Physics	Exploration of a theme or physical theory that may be of special interest, but is not fully treated in other courses in the program. Usually offered in May term, with topics announced in advance. Prerequisite: PHYS 2125 or permission of instructor. IV
PHYS3014	PHYS	3014	Classical Mechanics	A study of the statics and dynamics of mechanical systems of interest to engineering and physics majors. Includes study of kinematics and dynamics presented in various reference frames, coordinate transformations between frames, rotation of rigid bodies, moments of inertia, spinning tops, conservation laws, central forces, and introductory Lagrangian mechanics. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: PHYS 2125. IV
PHYS3054	PHYS	3054	Electricity and Magnetism	Intermediate mathematical treatment of electric and magnetic fields and potentials. Electric and magnetic properties of matter, circuits, introduction to Maxwell's equations, radiation, and physical optics. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisites: PHYS 2154 and MATH 2144. IV
PHYS3101	PHYS	3101	Research in Physics	A laboratory course designed to acquaint the student with the techniques and equipment used for experimental research. Topics include using the oscilloscope, single particle counting techniques, high-precision optical measurement, basic electronics, methods of data analysis and error analysis. (1/4 course unit.)CR/NC grading. May be repeated once. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: PHYS 2125.
PHYS4064	PHYS	4064	Quantum Mechanics	Introduces the postulates of quantum mechanics and develops the Schroedinger equation along with angular momentum theory and perturbation techniques. Cases of special interest are studied including the hydrogen atom, the harmonic oscillator, and the Born approximation for two body collisions. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: PHYS 2164. IV
PHYS4102	PHYS	4102	Senior Research in Physics	A capstone laboratory course involving independent research in atomic and molecular collisions. Students will typically modify existing apparatus and perform new measurements. Results will be presented in a formal paper. (1/2 course unit.) Prerequisite: PHYS 3101.
PHYS4214	PHYS	4214	Independent Study in Physics	Study of a topic chosen by the student in consultation with a professor. The topic should be appropriate for an undergraduate major in content and level of difficulty, but should also be one that is not covered in other courses. Major pattern elective in physics. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Determined by topic.
PPE1024	PPE	1024	Synthetic Introduction to Philosophy, Politics, and Economics	An introduction to the topics and methods of the interdisciplinary study of Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. By using both complementary and oppositional lenses drawn from philosophy, politics, and economics, students will be introduced to the distinctively rich and complex manner in which this kind of interdisciplinary reflection can illuminate topics in human life and society.
PPE2014	PPE	2014	Presidential Topics in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics	Exploration of a special topic in philosophy, politics, and economics selected by Transylvania University President Owen Williams. Topics announced in advance. Class may be repeated for credit if topic is different.  Prerequisite: Completion of PPE primary course requirements.  IV
PPE2294	PPE	2294	Special Topics in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics	Exploration of a topic in philosophy, politics, and economics that may be of special interest but is not fully treated in other courses in the program. Topics announced in advance. Class may be repeated for credit if topic is different. Prerequisite: PPE 1024 IV
PPE3114	PPE	3114	Advanced Readings in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics	Exploration of an advanced topic in philosophy, politics, and economics that may be of special interest but is not fully treated in other courses in the program. Topics announced in advance. Class may be repeated for credit if topic is different. IV
PPE4204	PPE	4204	Internship in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics	Learning about topics in philosophy, politics, and economics through engaging practices beyond the academy. In consultation with an instructor in the PPE program, students will choose an appropriate organization, institution, or practitioner with which to work. Writing and reading related to the internship will be assigned by the supervising instructor. CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
PPE4444	PPE	4444	Synoptic Senior Seminar in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics	Synoptic capstone course for students working towards the bachelor of arts degree in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. Extensive interdisciplinary examination of selected topics. Includes preparation, presentation, and revision of a senior thesis project under the direction of a professor working in the PPE program.  Prerequisite: Completion of PPE primary course requirements and senior standing or permission of instructor.
PS1004	PS	1004	Introduction to Politics	Provides an introduction to the world of politics by comparing different political systems and political ideologies. II Social Science
PS1014	PS	1014	Introduction to U.S. Politics	A study of the organization and operation of the national government, the principles underlying our system, the complexity of big government, and the importance of national policy in individual daily life. II Social Science
PS1024	PS	1024	U.S. State and Urban Politics	A study of the organization and operation of state and local governments and an examination of politics in these areas. The focus will be comparative.
PS2194	PS	2194	International Politics	An examination of the interaction processes and structural factors of the international political system that affect the behavior of states. The role of diplomacy, international law and organizations, and war in the international system. IV
PS2204	PS	2204	Canadian Parliamentary Internship	Students will work for five weeks as interns in the office of a member of the Canadian House of Commons or Senate, conducting research on public policy and attending committee meetings, party caucuses, and press conferences while living at the University of Ottawa. CR/NC grading. Pre-requisite: PS 1004.
PS2224	PS	2224	Research Methods for the Social Sciences	Introduction to the major aspects and issues of the research processes in the social sciences, including both quantitative and qualitative methods.  Includes examination of selecting research problems, operationalizing concepts, research designs, methods of observation and analysis, reporting results and ethical issues in research.  Prerequisite: SOC 1004 or PS 1004 and FYS 1104. Also listed as SOC 2224. IV; V
PS2234	PS	2234	Statistical Analysis for the Social Sciences	An introduction to and practice in using and evaluating quantitative analysis in the social sciences. Coverage includes univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analytic techniques. Focus on proper use and interpretation of these techniques. Computation will be performed on computer. No mathematical or computer background is necessary. Also listed as PSY 2234 and SOC 2234. IV
PS2294	PS	2294	Special Topics in Political Science	The study of an area of inquiry in political science not fully treated in other courses. Topics may change from term to term and are announced in advance. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. IV
PS2504	PS	2504	Politics of the Middle East	Regional and international dimensions of politics and society in the Middle East and North Africa. Areas of study include the formation of nation-states; nationalism; the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Palestinian question; Islamic revival and political development; and the prospects for stability or change in the region. III A or IV
PS3044	PS	3044	Modern Political Concepts, Methodology, and Analysis	Designed to acquaint the student with the variety of political concepts, methods, and analytical systems used in political science. Required of all majors in political science, who should plan to take it in their junior year. Prerequisites: PS 1004, 1014, and a course in comparative politics. IV
PS3114	PS	3114	Political Theory I: Classical and Medieval	An examination of the foundations of the Western political tradition in Greek, Roman, and medieval thought. Focusing attention upon such major figures as Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, Machiavelli, Luther, and Calvin, explores the major questions and problems of political theory. Also listed as PHIL 3114. IV
PS3124	PS	3124	Political Theory II: Modern	Surveys the development of political theory in the modern and contemporary periods, focusing on such major figures as Hobbes, Locke, Hegel, Marx, Sartre, Marcuse, and others. A chronological and logical extension of PS/PHIL 3114, but PS/PHIL 3114 is not a prerequisite. Also listed as PHIL 3124. IV
PS3134	PS	3134	Congress and the Presidency	Describes and analyzes congressional and presidential elections and operations and congressional-presidential relations. Prerequisite: PS 1014. IV
PS3144	PS	3144	The Legal System	Describes and analyzes the principal elements of the U.S. legal system, including state and federal courts, related legal institutions, and major civil and criminal legal standards. Prerequisite: PS 1014. IV
PS3174	PS	3174	American Constitutional Development	A study of the historical origins and creation of the American Constitution and an examination of its development and modification since 1789, as seen through historical events and Supreme Court decisions. IV
PS3214	PS	3214	Social Theory of Karl Marx	An examination of the critical and humanistic foundations of Marx's theory of society and politics. The course will focus topically on the major components of Marx's thought, including human nature, social relations, alienation, exploitation, the historical development of capitalist society, the role of the state and ideology, and visions of future society. Also listed as PHIL 3214. Prerequisite: PS 1004 or PHIL 1024. IV
PS3234	PS	3234	The International System	An examination of international relations from the 'system' level of analysis. The course will survey the historical and prospective evolution of the state-centric international system. It will investigate the interconnection between economics and politics as related aspects of a worldwide process of accumulating and distributing wealth and power. Prerequisite: PS 2194. IV
PS3254	PS	3254	International Law	This is an advanced course dealing with the concepts and problems of international law. It covers major topics in the field, including: the sources and subjects of international law; the jurisdiction of states; the use of force; and the relationship between international and domestic law.  It will also address more contemporary themes such as: economic law; environmental law; and international criminal law.  Prerequisite: PS 2194 or permission of instructor. IV
PS3264	PS	3264	Human Rights	This course examines human rights and humanitarianism intervention in world politics.  The course aims to: enhance understanding of international human rights law at the domestic, regional, and international levels; investigate human rights violations, implementation and enforcement throughout the world; and assess different perspectives on human rights, by examining the Western liberal tradition and challenges presented to that tradition by non-European cultures.  Prerequisite: Sophomore standing, FYS-1104 or permission of instructor.   IV;V
PS3294	PS	3294	Special Topics in Political Science	Advanced coursework that treats with greater depth topics covered in other courses in political science. Topics may change from term to term and are announced in advance. While prerequisites will be expected, they will vary depending on course topic. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. IV
PS3304	PS	3304	Empires Past and Present	This course examines the phenomenon of empire in general and in the specific case of the United States. It investigates its alternative conceptions and addresses rival theories on the origins of imperialism and the source of imperial decline. It then focuses on America as a great power and assesses the appropriateness of theories of imperialism in understanding that experience. IV
PS3314	PS	3314	Political Development	Examines the political problems of the developing states of Africa, Asia, and Latin America in a multidisciplinary context. Analyzes the process of development in terms of the interrelated political, economic, cultural, and social dimensions that affect it. Specific in-depth study of a few representative nations supplements the study of the general development process. Prerequisite: PS 1004 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
PS3334	PS	3334	Politics of Russia	An investigation of the domestic politics and foreign affairs of Russia and the newly independent states of Eurasia. Examines the role of ideology, historical evolution, economic development, imperial experiences, ethnic and national conflicts, legacies of totalitarian dictatorship, and the prospects for democracy in the post-Soviet period. Surveys the major institutions of government, processes of elite and mass participation, and important current political personalities, issues, and problem areas in contemporary Russia and the former Soviet republics. Prerequisite: PS 1004 or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. IV; V
PS3384	PS	3384	Topics in Comparative Politics	This course offers specialized study in a topic of comparative politics, a subfield of political science characterized by an empirical approach using the comparative method.  Topics may include, but are not restricted to: political violence; political culture and attitudes; elections and electoral systems; political parties and party systems; and the political systems of specific countries or regions in the world not included in the Departments regular offerings. May be repeated for credit as the topic changes. Prerequisite: PS 1004 or permission of instructor. IV
PS3568	PS	3568	The Kentucky Legislative Process	A two-unit course designed to acquaint students with the political dimensions of the General Assembly. In addition to weekly seminars and lectures, interns will work a minimum of 30 hours per week with experienced participants in the legislative process. Prerequisite: PS 1024 and permission of program director.
PS3584	PS	3584	Research in Kentucky Politics	Preparation of a major paper on some aspect of Kentucky politics related to the experiences of the intern with the General Assembly. Topic is to be chosen in consultation with a faculty member in an appropriate discipline. Prerequisite: PS 1024 and permission of program director.
PS3704	PS	3704	Directed Study in Political Science	Allows students to supplement their study of political science in areas not covered by existing course offerings. The project must be approved by all program faculty members prior to the student's registration for the course. The directed study will be executed under the supervision of the appropriate faculty member. Prerequisites: Five courses in political science, junior standing, 3.0 grade point average overall and in major courses, and permission of the program faculty.
PS4202	PS	4202	Internship in Political Science	A course offering supervised placements in legal, political, and governmental organizations. Substantive area of internship and course format chosen in consultation with program faculty. (1/2 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: PS 1004, 1014, and permission of instructor.
PS4204	PS	4204	Internship in Political Science	Offers supervised placements in legal, political, and governmental organizations. Substantive area of internship and course format chosen in consultation with program faculty. (1 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: PS 1004, 1014, and permission of instructor.
PS4444	PS	4444	Senior Seminar	The culminating experience for the major in political science. Integrates theoretical, methodological, normative, and analytical aspects of the discipline. Prerequisite: PS 3044. IV
PS4904	PS	4904	Senior Honors	Provides an opportunity for the qualified political science major to do independent work in the field under the supervision of a faculty member. A senior who has taken seven courses in political science and who has a 3.0 grade point average overall and in major courses may apply to enter the program by submitting a project proposal and securing the permission of the faculty. The student may receive credit for either 1 or 2 course units, depending on the project, but may not receive credit for more than 1 course unit per term.
PSY1004	PSY	1004	General Psychology	This course is a prerequisite to all other psychology courses. A combined theoretical, experimental, and clinical approach to the science of human behavior. An introduction to the rudiments of psychology from a social science perspective. II Social Science
PSY2001	PSY	2001	Introduction to Psychological Research	An introduction to psychological research by collaborating on a research project of a faculty member or student, under faculty supervision. (1/4 course unit.) Course may be repeated twice for credit. Prerequisites: PSY 1004 and permission of instructor.
PSY2034	PSY	2034	Experimental Psychology of Learning	Survey of research design, method, and theory in the study of learning and motivation. Prerequisite: PSY 1004 and FYS 1104. IV; V
PSY2054	PSY	2054	Theories of Personality	A study of the development, structure, and dynamics of the personality. Major contemporary theories are surveyed with comparative and critical treatment. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. IV
PSY2064	PSY	2064	Positive Psychology	This course focuses on an emerging movement in psychology called positive psychology, and explores the social, motivational, cognitive, and applied research on well-being, virtue, and personal growth. In addition to examining the empirical research in this area, students will participate in a several semester-long projects designed to enhance their own psychological well-being. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. IV
PSY2114	PSY	2114	Human Development: Childhood and Adolescence	An exploration of (1) dominant trajectories of, and individual differences in, physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development from infancy through adolescence; and (2) how the contexts in which children and adolescents develop shape development and contribute to similarities and differences between developmental trajectories. Prerequisite: PSY 1004 and FYS 1104. IV; V
PSY2124	PSY	2124	Human Development: Adulthood	An exploration of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development in adulthood through the lens of our cultural narratives, which lay out the tasks of adulthood as engaging in love, work, and parenthood, while dealing with aging and making sense of our lives.  This course explores psychological, sociological, and cultural understandings of these tasks of adulthood as they impact individual development. Prerequisite: PSY 1004 and FYS 1104. IV; V
PSY2224	PSY	2224	Research Methods for Psychology	Introduction to the major aspects and issues of the research processes in psychology. Includes examination of selecting research problems, operationalizing concepts, research design, methods of observation and analysis, reporting results, and ethical issues in research. Lecture and laboratory. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. IV
PSY2234	PSY	2234	Statistical Analysis for the Social Sciences	An introduction to and practice in using and evaluating quantitative analysis in the social sciences. Coverage includes univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analytic techniques. Focus on proper use and interpretation of these techniques. Computation will be performed on computer. No mathematical or computer background is necessary. Prerequisites: PSY 1004 and PSY 3244, 2034, or 2224. Also listed as PS 2234 and SOC 2234. IV
PSY2244	PSY	2244	Research Lines in Psychology	In previous psychology courses you've been exposed to many research studies, all used to support or contradict some assertion. In this course, you will have the opportunity to see how those individual studies evolved from the particular psychologist's interests, theories and theoretical perspective, and prior studies. By examining one research line, you will gain an understanding of how knowledge in psychology emerges, how psychologists answer "big questions," and explore a specific issue in depth. Prerequisite: PSY 1004.IV
PSY2294	PSY	2294	Special Topics in Psychology	An introduction to selected topics in psychology focusing on concepts and methods used by psychologists. Topics may include gerontology, neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, states of consciousness, and writings of major psychological theorists. Directed by a faculty member having specific competence in the topic under study. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. IV
PSY2304	PSY	2304	Evolutionary Psychology	An examination of the contribution of evolutionary history to human behavior. Evaluates the extent to which current behavioral phenomena can be explained by human evolution, by current cultural trends, or by a combination of the two, and explores the role that ideology plays in interpreting behavior. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. IV
PSY2324	PSY	2324	Cultural Psychology	An examination of culture and psychological processes as mutually constituting agents. The course will be positioned within broad themes, including diversity in psychological functioning, cultural grounding of psychological experience and processes, and psychology of culture. Topics include self and identity, human development, relationships, emotions, cognition and perception, motivation and health.  Prerequisite: PSY 1004 or ANTH 1024. Also listed as ANTH-2324. IV
PSY2404	PSY	2404	Cognitive Neuroscience	An examination of how applying theories in psychology to neuroscience research can contribute to our understanding of how the mind works. Evaluates the extent to which a multidisciplinary approach between biology, psychology and computer science can be used to explain how different brain areas and functions underlie our mental processes and behaviors. Topics include neuroanatomy, attention, learning, memory, emotion, social cognition, and object recognition. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. IV
PSY2504	PSY	2504	Human Sexuality	Explores the psychological and physiological aspects of human sexual behavior. Emphasis is placed on the cultural and biological diversity of sexual expression. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. Also listed as WS 2554. IV
PSY2524	PSY	2524	Psychology of Gender	Provides students with an overview of psychological research and theory on gender. The course provides analysis of the myths and stereotypes associated with women and men in society, the social and psychological gender differences that have been identified in the research, and the evidence and theoretical arguments concerning the origin and functional implications of these differences. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. Also listed as WS 2524. IV
PSY2534	PSY	2534	"Doing Gender" in Marriage	An examination of the ways in which gender is activated and enacted in the institution of marriage in the United States from psychological, sociological, and historical perspectives. Uses a feminist lens to emphasize the roles of psychological and interactional processes between partners, and of cultural narratives and social institutions, in the experience of "doing gender" in marriage. Promotes the goals of authenticity and mindful decision-making as strategies for maximizing success in long-term partnerships. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. Also listed as WS 2534. IV
PSY2544	PSY	2544	Stereotyping and Prejudice	Explores social psychological research on how cultural beliefs about the relative value and nature of different socio-demographic groups transform stereotyping and prejudice (individuals' cognitive in-group/out-group categorization processes) and give rise to systems of power, privilege, and oppression. Students will examine origins, maintenance, and cognitive underpinnings of stereotypes, racism/white privilege, sexism, and heterosexism, as well as research on effective prejudice reduction techniques. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. IV
PSY2644	PSY	2644	Psychology of Minority Rel. Traditions	The purpose of this course is to examine through novels and films, the practice of religious traditions in cultural contexts, in which the religious tradition is not the mainstream or dominant tradition (e.g. a Hindu residing in a predominantly Muslim cultural space). In some contexts this would be an immigrant religion, in others, it would be a long standing and well-established minority tradition. We will investigate how cultural spaces shape and influence the construction of the non-dominant religious identity. Also listed as REL 2644. IV
PSY3004	PSY	3004	Social Psychology	An overview of theory and research in social psychology. Topics include the self, social perception, conformity, attitudes and attitude changes, prejudice, aggression, altruism, interpersonal attraction, and intergroup conflict. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. IV
PSY3034	PSY	3034	Psychological Testing	The methods, assumptions, and problems involved in psychological measurement and personality evaluation. A number of representative tests are used to study the underlying rationale for psychological testing and the construction, administration, interpretation, and evaluation of psychological tests. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. IV
PSY3044	PSY	3044	Industrial/Organizational Psychology	Applications of psychology in organizations. Attention to topics such as motivation, leadership, personnel selection and training, job analysis, human relations, human engineering, and the psychology of organizations. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. IV
PSY3054	PSY	3054	History of Psychology	A survey of the major historical antecedents of contemporary psychology, with emphasis on the development of systematic viewpoints in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Prerequisite: PSY 1004 and FYS 1104. IV; V
PSY3124	PSY	3124	Abnormal Psychology	A study of psychopathology considering possible cause of emotional disturbances, with techniques of diagnosis and theory employed. Prerequisite: PSY 1004 and FYS 1104. IV; V
PSY3134	PSY	3134	Motivation and Emotion	Motivation theory and research attempts to answer the Big Question in psychology: Why do people do the things that they do? This course explores the sources of motivation, why motivation varies between individuals and within one person from time to time, and how to increase motivation and enhance its quality. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. IV
PSY3214	PSY	3214	Issues in Developmental Psychology	An in-depth exploration of a particular topic or issue in developmental psychology.  The topic (and therefore the prerequisites) may change from term to term and will be announced in advance.  May be repeated once for credit as long as the topic is different. Prerequisites: Any 2000/3000-level PSY course or PSY 1004 and permission of instructor. IV
PSY3244	PSY	3244	Health Psychology	Focuses on the relationship of behavioral factors on health and longevity and how behaviors and attitudes have an impact on the quality of our lives. The course will cover how psychological theory and research are used to develop interventions to assist patients in maintaining healthy lifestyles and coping with and managing chronic health problems. Preventing disease will also be a major focus. Among the topics covered will be stress, cardiovascular disease, substance abuse, obesity, and many others. Prerequisite: PSY 1004.  IV
PSY3304	PSY	3304	Biopsychology	A survey of biological mechanisms underlying behavior. Topics to be covered include brain anatomy and physiology, physiological processes underlying psychological and neurological disorders, effects of drugs on brain function, physiology of emotions and motivation, and hormonal influences on behavior. Prerequisite: PSY 1004 and FYS 1104. IV; V
PSY3324	PSY	3324	Experimental: Sensation and Perception	Introduction to design, methods, and theory in experimental psychology; consideration of critical experiments and research methods in the study of sensory and perceptual processes. Prerequisite: PSY 1004, PSY 3304, and FYS 1104. IV; V
PSY3354	PSY	3354	Behavioral Pharmacology	A study of the use and abuse of psychoactive drugs. Presents basic principles of pharmacology. Surveys the drugs used to treat psychological and neurological disorders. Also covers the recreational use of drugs and the problems associated with drug addiction and rehabilitation. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. IV
PSY4004	PSY	4004	Independent Research	Individual faculty supervision of student research. Course may be repeated once for credit. Students taking Independent Research for two terms may apply only one unit toward the 11 units required for the major. Prerequisites: PSY 1004, major in psychology, and permission of instructor.
PSY4014	PSY	4014	Theories of Psychotherapy	A survey of the basic principles and theories of psychotherapy and an introduction to counseling techniques. Prerequisites: PSY 1004, PSY 3124, and FYS 1104 or permission of instructor. IV; V
PSY4024	PSY	4024	Developmental Psychopathology	Covers the major psychological and behavioral disorders of childhood and adolescence. Issues related to the etiology, conceptualization, course, and treatment of childhood maladaptation will be examined. Prerequisites: FYS 1104, PSY 1004 and 2114. IV; V
PSY4034	PSY	4034	Issues	Different resource materials will be used to provide a basis for discussion of controversial topics in psychology that cover a gamut of interests. Audiotapes, videotapes, writings, and other materials are used. May be repeated once for credit. Standard or CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: PSY 1004, major in psychology, junior or senior standing, or special permission of instructor. IV
PSY4044	PSY	4044	Interpersonal Psychology	This course is the study of interpersonal psychology.  It focuses on this model's theoretical and empirical analysis of personality organization.  Also, it covers this model's approach to conceptualizing psychopathology, assessment strategies, and psychotherapy.  Prerequisites: PSY 2054 or 3124, major in psychology, junior or senior standing, or permission of instructor. IV
PSY4204	PSY	4204	Internship in Psychology	Supervised placement of students in organizations or industries employing professional psychologists. Provides students with the opportunity to see how psychology is practiced in the community and lets them apply material from their courses in a work setting. An academic requirement relating psychological theory to practice is included in the internship. CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: PSY 1004 and 4 units in psychology.
PSY4444	PSY	4444	Senior Seminar in Psychology	The culminating experience for the psychology major, designed to integrate and advance knowledge gained from previous courses. A systematic examination of significant current issues in theory, research, and application. Prerequisites: FYS 1104, PSY 1004, major in psychology, and senior standing. IV; V
PSY4904	PSY	4904	Senior Honors in Psychology	A creative exploration in psychology. Students pursue an area of interest to satisfy their own intellectual curiosity and to challenge and expand their knowledge of psychology. (1 course unit.) Prerequisites: PSY 1004, senior standing, a major in psychology, permission of instructor, 3.5 grade point average in major, and a 3.0 overall grade point average.
PSY4908	PSY	4908	Senior Honors in Psychology	A creative exploration in psychology. Students pursue an area of interest to satisfy their own intellectual curiosity and to challenge and expand their knowledge of psychology. (2 course units.) Prerequisites: PSY 1004, senior standing, a major in psychology, permission of instructor, 3.5 grade point average in major, and a 3.0 overall grade point average.
PSY4912	PSY	4912	Senior Honors in Psychology	A creative exploration in psychology. Students pursue an area of interest to satisfy their own intellectual curiosity and to challenge and expand their knowledge of psychology. (3 course units.) Prerequisites: PSY 1004, senior standing, a major in psychology, permission of instructor, 3.5 grade point average in major, and a 3.0 overall grade point average.
PSYELECT1	PSY	ELECT1	Psychology Major/Minor Elective Placeholder	Psychology Major/Minor Elective Placeholder  Course.
REL1001	REL	1001	Introduction to Prayer and Meditation	This half-semester practicum introduces students to a number of practices of prayer and meditation. We will explore practices of praying the psalms (the prayer book of the Hebrew Scriptures), Buddhist mindfulness meditation, and Christian prayer. Class time will be devoted to experiencing these practices and discussion, and students will be asked to continue these practices and complete brief readings in between sessions. (1/4 unit) Grading: CR/NC
REL1014	REL	1014	Introduction to Religion	An introduction to and exploration of what 'religion' means, what it means to live religiously, and what it means to study religion from an academic perspective. Areas of focus include (but are not limited to) notions of the sacred as manifested in symbol, myth, doctrine, text, and ritual. II Humanities
REL1054	REL	1054	Judaeo-Christian Heritage	Asurvey of the historical development of the Jewish and Christian religions and their relationship to one another from the first century of the common era to the present. II Humanities or III B
REL1134	REL	1134	Foundations of Asian Religions	An introductory course designed to provide students with a basic understanding of the ideas and practices that shape several Asian religious traditions. Focuses primarily on Hindu, Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist traditions; attention also given to Jain, Sikh, and Shinto traditions. II Humanities or III A
REL2024	REL	2024	The Bible	An examination of the development and meaning of the Hebrew and Christian scriptures. By reading the biblical text critically and appreciatively, students better understand the Bible-its content, its cultural environment, its vision of life, and its relevance for today. Prerequisite: FYS-1104.  IV; V
REL2122	REL	2122	Religious Biography	A study and evaluation of selected figures in religion. The intention is to discern the interrelatedness of religious and personal formation in the development of thought and in action. (1/2 course unit.)
REL2154	REL	2154	Gender Roles in Religious Life	An exploration of the relationships and roles of women and men in the context of religious life, paying attention to the way male perspectives have dominated many areas of formal religious discourse, but also noting the dissenting voices of women often hidden in alternative forms of expression. After reviewing selected contemporary theories about the evolution of gender roles and the dynamics of gender relationships, the course will focus on the Christian and Hindu traditions, and then conclude by examining selected writings from other traditions. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV; V
REL2174	REL	2174	Religion and Violence	This course will focus on the interplay between religion and violence. Students will explore how religious ideologies and practices have been used to justify violence, even in cases where the religion begins with strong pacifist or non-violent orientation. Students will focus on the following religious traditions: Hinduism, Sikhism, Christianity, Judaism and Islam. In addition to these specific religious cases, the class will examine why it is religion and violence can be and often are an explosive combination. In this regard, students will examine violence as a performance, cosmic war theory, as well as some issues of gender as it pertains to theoretical underpinnings of the combination of religion and violence. IV
REL2204	REL	2204	Christian Worship	An introduction to the nature and history of Christian worship, with an overview of the basic elements of Christian worship and how they shape the Christian identity. Particular focus on the development and ongoing practice of baptism and eucharist (Lord's Supper) in the church.  Course enables students to locate and appreciate individual traditions within the larger and inclusive liturgical tradition. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV; V
REL2294	REL	2294	Special Topics in Religion	The study of a seminal figure, school of thought, era, issue, or topic of interdisciplinary interest not fully treated in other courses. Topics will be announced in advance. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. IV
REL2304	REL	2304	Major Thinkers	The exploration of a major theologian or thinker crucial to the development of a religious school of thought, seminal idea, or doctrine in a particular religious tradition, who is not fully treated in other courses. May be repeated for credit as long as the designated thinker is different. IV
REL2314	REL	2314	Biblical History and Archaeology	An examination of the historical and archaeological records of the ancient Near East that relate to the Biblical period (circa 1800 BCE to 135 CE). Students will gain an understanding of how the study of history and archaeology affects the interpretation of the Bible. IV
REL2324	REL	2324	Journey Through the Bible	An examination of the history, geography, and archaeology of the Biblical world (circa 1800 BCE to 135 CE) by studying and traveling to the land of the Bible (Israel). This is a May term travel course. IV
REL2344	REL	2344	Jewish-Christian Relations	Examines the tragic and bloodstained history of the relationship of Christianity-beginning with its inception as a Jewish sect and culminating in the Holocaust-to Judaism. Two questions will frame our thought: How is it that a Jewish sect, whose "founder" was a Jewish rabbi, had within less than a century become avidly and outspokenly anti-Jewish? Was the Holocaust an inevitable consequence of the long, entrenched Christian tradition of anti-Judaism? IV
REL2414	REL	2414	The Hebrew Bible	An examination of the collection of literature that is called the Hebrew Bible (Tanak) in the Jewish tradition and the Old Testament in the Christian tradition. Students will gain an understanding of Israelite history, major religious ideas of the text, and knowledge of and experience in interpreting the Hebrew Bible both critically and appreciatively. Must have at least sophomore standing. IV
REL2424	REL	2424	The New Testament	An examination of the collection of 27 books that is called the New Testament by the Christian tradition. Students will gain an understanding of the formation of the early church, major religious ideas of the text, and knowledge of and experience in interpreting the New Testament both critically and appreciatively. Must have at least sophomore standing. IV
REL2504	REL	2504	Ancient Chinese Thought	Between the sixth and the second centuries BCE, China burgeoned with philosophical schools and their texts. Students will read those texts closely and critique them, concentrating especially on the Analects, the Chuang-Tzu, the Mencius, and the Hsun-Tzu. Special emphasis will be placed on how the traditions such texts represent react to each other as they develop increasingly sophisticated defenses of their positions. The course will also attempt to identify, assess, and avoid popular Western readings of the Chinese philosophical tradition by incorporating recent historical findings and textual apparatus. Also listed as PHIL 2504.  III A or IV
REL2524	REL	2524	Islamic Religious Traditions	An exploration of Islamic identity, religious expressions, and institutions. Topics of study include the life of Muhammad, the nature and teachings of the Qur'an, and Islamic sectarian identities. III A or IV
REL2534	REL	2534	Hindu Religious Traditions	A survey of the history, practices, ideas, and social institutions associated with the variety of Hindu religious traditions. Students will learn about the Indus Valley civilization and the Aryan settlement of the Indian subcontinent. Discussions will focus on the development of classical Hindu India. Students will read foundational texts in English translation as well as selections from modern Indian thinkers such as Aurobindo, Radhakrishnan, Vivekananda, Gandhi, and Ambedkar. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. III A or IV; V
REL2544	REL	2544	Buddhist Religious Traditions	An examination of the philosophical and historical roots of classical Buddhism, its sectarian developments, and its spread from India to other countries. Topics of study include the life of Guatama; the nature of suffering, of the self, and of mind; gender issues in the religious community; and the nature of devotion. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. III A or IV; V
REL2644	REL	2644	Psychology of Minority Rel. Traditions	The purpose of this course is to examine through novels and films, the practice of religious traditions in cultural contexts, in which the religious tradition is not the mainstream or dominant tradition (e.g. a Hindu residing in a predominantly Muslim cultural space). In some contexts this would be an immigrant religion, in others, it would be a long standing and well-established minority tradition. We will investigate how cultural spaces shape and influence the construction of the non-dominant religious identity. Also listed as PSY 2644. IV
REL3024	REL	3024	The Synoptic Gospels	Through a systematic reading of the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke), students will develop critical skills in analyzing and appreciating these canonical texts. The synoptic problem, redaction criticism, and the unique theological perspective of each Gospel will be highlighted. IV
REL3054	REL	3054	Philosophy of Religion	A discussion and lecture course dealing with the intellectual problems of religion (such as those of God, freedom, faith, immortality, evil, and religious knowledge). Time is also given to a study of the various schools of religious philosophy. Also listed as PHIL 3054. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV; V
REL3074	REL	3074	Christian Theological Reflection	Primarily designed to encourage theological reflection about the Christian faith by acquainting students with several of the classic doctrines (God, Christ, Holy Spirit, and Church), by reading representative theologians (Augustine, Aquinas, Calvin, Schleiermacher, and Barth) who have significantly shaped the development of those doctrines, and by constructing theological arguments. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV; V
REL3154	REL	3154	Religion and Gender in Popular Culture:	This course uses famous and relevant popular culture as a medium for the study of religion and gender at an elevated level. Students will be expected to have some familiarity of the popular culture to be examined prior to the class. The class will build from other religion courses, namely Intro and Gender Roles in two specific ways. It will focus on theory coupled with its application in a variety of religious traditions with concentrations on religion, gender, social justice, race, and culture with a view to understanding their intersection. Prerequisites: Any one of the following classes or permission from the Instructor: REL 1014; REL 2154; WS 1004; WS 2004/PHIL 2004; WS 2044; WS 2294; WS 2414/SOC2414; WS2524/PSY 2524; WS 2934; WS 3204; WS 3244; WS 3514; WS 3534 and FYS-1104. IV; V
REL3214	REL	3214	Quest for the Historical Jesus	An exploration of the perennial question that Christians, or any reader of the Gospels, must ask: Who is Jesus? After reading portraits of the historical Jesus proposed by representative scholars of the 'third quest for the historical Jesus' (from the 1980s to the present), their responses will be examined and evaluated. IV
REL3454	REL	3454	The Gospel of John	Through a systematic reading of the Gospel of John, students develop critical skills in analyzing and appreciating the biblical text. John's unique literary and theological perspective and the distinctions between John and the other gospels will be highlighted. IV
REL3534	REL	3534	The Qur'an	Students will read the Qur'an and work with various ways of reading it. Beginning by situating the Qur'an in the context of revelation and prophecy, the class will learn about Prophet Muhammad before turning to themes within the Qur'an itself. This will be followed by an investigation of the ways the Qur'an has been interpreted and used by Muslims in various cultural contexts. Prerequisites: Any Transylvania religion course and FYS-1104. IV;V
REL4014	REL	4014	Independent Study	Readings on an approved topic. The student will submit an evaluative paper. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
REL4204	REL	4204	Internship	Internship experience. The student will submit an evaluative paper. CR/NC grading. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
REL4444	REL	4444	Seminar in Religious Studies	A seminar designed to encourage student initiative, research, and responsibility in probing, independently and with others, the vital areas of the study of religion. Topics change each time the seminar is offered and are arranged to include concentration on theological, ethical, biblical, historical, ecumenical, interdisciplinary, and intercultural concerns. May be repeated for credit. IV
REL4904	REL	4904	Senior Honors in Religion	Independent study on a given problem chosen in consultation with the instructor, with tutorial conferences. (1 course units.) Prerequisites: Senior standing, 3.3 grade point average in major courses, at least 4.5 course units in religion, and permission of instructor.
REL4908	REL	4908	Senior Honors in Religion	Independent study on a given problem chosen in consultation with the instructor, with tutorial conferences. (2 course units.) Prerequisites: Senior standing, 3.3 grade point average in major courses, at least 4.5 course units in religion, and permission of instructor.
REL4912	REL	4912	Senior Honors in Religion	Independent study on a given problem chosen in consultation with the instructor, with tutorial conferences. (3 course units.) Prerequisites: Senior standing, 3.3 grade point average in major courses, at least 4.5 course units in religion, and permission of instructor.
SOC1004	SOC	1004	Intro to Sociology	An introduction to the sociological perspective on social life. Focuses on the relations between the individual and social forces, identity and socialization, deviance, group dynamics, social institutions, and social change, including coverage of the major forms of social inequality. II Social Science
SOC1054	SOC	1054	Cultural Geography	Provides an introduction to the study of spatial distributions of people on earth, including population trends, migration, land-use, urbanism, and changing global systems. This is an introductory course without prerequisites. Also listed as ANTH 1044. III A
SOC2084	SOC	2084	Introduction to Sexuality Studies	An overview of contemporary sexual knowledge and politics, the social construction of sexuality, and social control of sexuality. Examines ways in which sexual desire and sexual practices are structured by social relations, and how sexual identities, expressions, and representations vary in time and space. Analyzes how sexuality intersects with other vectors of power such as gender, race, and class. Also covers representations of sexualities in the media, especially in television and film. Also listed as WGS-2014. IV
SOC2154	SOC	2154	Immigration, Gender, and Race	This class will investigate how gender and race shape immigration patterns, how they are incorporated into the dynamics of corporate globalization, and how they operate in immigrant social networks. We will cover topics such as employment, family, identity, sexuality, immigrant social life, globalization, and transnationalism. While examining the history of immigration in the U.S and other countries, we will analyze how economic status, citizenship, and privilege become enmeshed in vectors of power such as gender, race, and nation. Also listed as WGS 2134. IV
SOC2164	SOC	2164	Sociology of Mexican Immigration	The course examines the immigration of Mexicans to the U.S. The course contains seven parts: 1.) examines the history and dynamics of Mexican migration to the U.S. ; 2.) analyzes demographic characteristics of Mexican immigrants; 3.) compares theories of Mexican immigration; 4.) studies the economic causes of immigration; 5.) interrogates what the migration experience itself is; 6.) studies the settlement and integration of Mexican immigrants in the U.S.; and, 7.) scrutinizes U.S. immigration policies towards Mexico Prerequisite: SOC 1004 or permission of instructor. IV;V
SOC2224	SOC	2224	Research Methods for the Social Sciences	Introduction to the major aspects of the social science research process, including ethical issues in research, problem selection, operationalizing concepts, research design, population sampling, methods of data collection and analysis, and reporting findings. Prerequisite: Any introductory social science course and FYS-1104. Also listed as PS 2224.IV; V
SOC2234	SOC	2234	Statistical Analysis for the Social Sciences	An introduction to and practice in using and evaluating quantitative analysis in the social sciences. Coverage includes univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analytic techniques. Focus on proper use and interpretation of these techniques. Computation will be performed on computer. No mathematical or computer background is necessary. Prerequisite: SOC 2224. Also listed as PS 2234 and PSY 2234. IV
SOC2244	SOC	2244	Social Problems	An introduction to the nature, causes, and possible solutions to important social problems. Problems studied typically will include various forms of social inequality, crime, drug abuse, domestic violence, environmental pollution, and war. Prerequisite: SOC 1004. IV
SOC2314	SOC	2314	Sociology of Race and Ethnicity	An examination of the history, causes, and dynamics of relations between the numerous ethnoracial groups in the United States. Topics range from the processes of identifying minority status, ethnoracial group identity, discriminatory behavior, and structured inequality to proposed changes for the future. Prerequisite: SOC 1004, ANTH 1024, or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
SOC2344	SOC	2344	Social Interaction	A micro-sociological examination of the impact of socio-cultural environment on the social self, on interpersonal interaction, and on the structure and dynamics of primary and small groups. Prerequisite: SOC 1004. IV
SOC2414	SOC	2414	Sociology of Gender	Intensive study of how social relations between males and females are organized, lived, and understood in the United States, with some emphasis on historical and cross-cultural comparison. Topics include gender socialization, masculinity and femininity, gender at work and in the family, and sex and gender inequality and change. Prerequisite: SOC 1004 and FYS 1104. Also listed as WGS 2414. IV; V
SOC2444	SOC	2444	Deviance, Disorder, and Conflict	A critical examination of those aspects of society that are not orderly, patterned, and predictable--specifically, deviant behavior. Causal theories explaining deviance/disorder will be emphasized along with the power dynamics involved in defining this disapproved realm. An in-depth investigation of select examples of "alternative" social behaviors will be included. Prerequisite: SOC 1004 and FYS 1104. IV; V
SOC2514	SOC	2514	Human Service Organizations	An introduction to the goals, structure, administration, and policy issues of human services including social welfare, health, education, and criminal justice. Includes observation in local agencies. Prerequisite: SOC 1004. IV
SOC2614	SOC	2614	Sociology of Mass Media	An overview of the institution of mass media and communication. Topics include the structure of mass media ownership, the types, uses, and effects of mass media, and current debates about the influence of mass media on social life. Prerequisite: SOC 1004 or permission of instructor and FYS 1104. IV; V
SOC2644	SOC	2644	Social Change and Social Movements	A wide-ranging examination of the history, causes, and dynamics of social change and social movements. Emphasis is placed on analyzing and interpreting changes and movements in the past 200 years, with special focus on current movements as they respond to the results of past and present social dynamics. Prerequisite: SOC 1004 or PS 1004 or 1014. IV
SOC2814	SOC	2814	The Family - Past, Present, and Future	An examination of the family as a major social institution, including the development of family norms and values, the ideology of love, sex-role socialization, courtship and marriage, parenting, and alternatives to the traditional form. Prerequisite: SOC 1004 and FYS 1104. IV; V
SOC2934	SOC	2934	Gender, Culture, and the Social Body	Investigates sociological and anthropological perspectives on the body. Topics include an analysis of body modification and alteration, (diet, exercise, bodybuilding, scarification), and bodily decoration (tattooing, body paint, jewelry, ceremonial clothing). The course poses questions such as: How are issues of power and domination written into cultural scripts about ideal forms? How does bodily decoration convey gendered meanings and statuses? Explores how processes of development and capitalism have transformed understandings and attitudes about beauty, clothing, and the 'ideal' body. Prerequisite: ANTH 1024 or SOC 1004. Also listed as ANTH 2934 and WS 2934. IV
SOC3104	SOC	3104	Social Theory	In-depth, critical examination of the major schools of social theorizing, including symbolic interactionism, structural functionalism, and Marxism and conflict theory. Includes recent attempts to synthesize strands of modern theory and postmodern theory. Prerequisites: SOC 1004 and two 2000-level sociology courses or permission of instructor. IV
SOC3134	SOC	3134	Topics in Sociology	In-depth study of a selected topic area of sociology. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. Prerequisite: SOC 1004. IV
SOC3214	SOC	3214	Criminal Justice System	Focuses first upon the 'traditional' processes by which behaviors are defined as illegal; citizens' behavior is monitored to enforce the definitions; the official labels are applied to specific individuals; and perpetrators of the labeled behaviors are responded to. A 'critical' approach then extends the analysis to issues of political manipulations and corruption in the legislative, adjudicative, and enforcement processes, as well as the counterproductive nature of the U.S. corrections system. Prerequisites: SOC 1004 and 2444. IV
SOC3244	SOC	3244	Social Inequality and Stratification	Analysis of evidence and theories of current forms of social differentiation, including status, class, ethnoracial, gender, political, and life chance inequalities. Topics include poverty and social mobility, interrelations of different forms of inequality, stasis and change in stratification systems, and proposals for redressing illegitimate forms of social inequality. Prerequisites: SOC 1004 and two 2000-level sociology courses or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
SOC3314	SOC	3314	Sociology of Medicine	An investigation of the sociological factors involved in the causes, treatments, and outcomes of physical and emotional illness as well as an analysis of the structure and processes of the U.S. healthcare delivery system. Prerequisites: SOC 1004 and two 2000-level sociology courses or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
SOC3404	SOC	3404	Sustainable Development	Explores the concept of sustainable development, from the beginning of the era of international development following WWII to the present. The course explores the challenges involved in creating sustainable development, from the socio-cultural issues and environmental concerns to the definition of sustainability. Case studies will help highlight these issues. Prerequisite: ANTH 1024 or SOC 1004 and FYS 1104. Also listed as ANTH 3404. IV; V
SOC3424	SOC	3424	Appalachia and the Environment	From the beginning of human habitation to the present, the physical landscape of Appalachia has shaped the culture and society of Appalachian peoples. This course examines the relationship of the physical and cultural aspects of Appalachia, from Ice Age hunters to the present. Recent environmental and anti-environmental movements are discussed. Using anthropological, geographical, and sociological literature, students will develop an understanding of the complex relationship of the physical and cultural landscapes, examine the power of historical trends and legacies, and critically examine stereotypes and commonly held beliefs about the region. Prerequisite: ANTH 1024 or SOC 1004. Also listed as ANTH 3424. IV
SOC3744	SOC	3744	Population Dynamics	Examines the population dynamics (fertility, mortality, and migration) determining the size, composition, and characteristics of human societies, both national and global. The theory of the demographic transition is examined critically and analyzed as a series of transitions that have complex interrelations central to the human experience today and in the future. Focus is placed on the impacts and consequences of these transitions on social, cultural, economic, environmental, and political systems. Prerequisite: SOC 1004. IV
SOC4204	SOC	4204	Internship in Sociology	A program offering the student supervised placement in organizations providing social services in casework, group work, community organization, administration, and research. Provides an opportunity to work in social sciences and apply principles of other sociology courses. Substantive area of internship and organization to be chosen in consultation with internship supervisor. (1 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: SOC 1004, 4 course units in sociology or anthropology, and permission of instructor. A total of 3 course units may be counted toward major requirements.
SOC4208	SOC	4208	Internship in Sociology	A program offering the student supervised placement in organizations providing social services in casework, group work, community organization, administration, and research. Provides an opportunity to work in social sciences and apply principles of other sociology courses. Substantive area of internship and organization to be chosen in consultation with internship supervisor. (2 course units.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: SOC 1004, 4 course units in sociology or anthropology, and permission of instructor. Atotal of 3 course units may be counted toward major requirements.
SOC4212	SOC	4212	Internship in Sociology	A program offering the student supervised placement in organizations providing social services in casework, group work, community organization, administration, and research. Provides an opportunity to work in social sciences and apply principles of other sociology courses. Substantive area of internship and organization to be chosen in consultation with internship supervisor. (3 course units.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: SOC 1004, 4 course units in sociology or anthropology, and permission of instructor. Atotal of 3 course units may be counted toward major requirements.
SOC4304	SOC	4304	Independent Study	Individual faculty supervision of student research and practice in a selected area of sociology. May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisites: SOC 1004 and permission of instructor.
SOC4444	SOC	4444	Senior Seminar/Capstone	A systematic examination of significant problems or issues at the forefront of sociology theory or research. Emphasis on supervised student research and analysis. Prerequisites: SOC 1004, 4 course units in sociology or anthropology, and advanced junior or senior standing in sociology or sociology/anthropology. IV
SPAN1014	SPAN	1014	Spanish I: The Personal World	An introduction to Spanish through exploration of the student's immediate world, developing student proficiency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. By the end of the course students will be able to ask for and give information; express their wants, needs, abilities, and obligations; describe people, places, and things in their surroundings; write a basic letter in the language; and give in some detail a report of their typical activities. Laboratory required.
SPAN1024	SPAN	1024	Spanish II: The Spanish Speaking World	An extension of Spanish I that moves beyond the student's personal experiences toward an increased linguistic and social awareness of Hispanic cultures. By the end of the course students will be able to narrate past events, demonstrate an understanding of various aspects of the Spanish-speaking world, and formulate briefly a position on an issue treated in the course. Prerequisite: SPAN 1014 or equivalent proficiency. Laboratory required.
SPAN1034	SPAN	1034	Spanish III: Topical Issues	An extension of Spanish II that offers a more in-depth look at current issues in Hispanic cultures. Religions, ethnic groups, and demographic patterns will be explored, as will other concerns such as the environment and the economy. Material will include literary texts, films, and productions in the fine arts. Students will give oral and written reports, refute and support positions taken on specific issues, and suggest and negotiate compromises. Prerequisite: SPAN 1024 or equivalent proficiency. Laboratory required.
SPAN2024	SPAN	2024	Spanish Conversation	Exercises in conversational Spanish and idiomatic expression. Texts on everyday subjects, discussions, and expose prepared by the student. May be repeated once for credit but increases pattern requirement by 1 course unit. Prerequisite: SPAN 1034. IV
SPAN2084	SPAN	2084	Spanish Composition and Grammar Review	A review of Spanish grammar and syntax. Free composition in Spanish based on texts chosen for style. Prerequisite: SPAN 1034. IV
SPAN2094	SPAN	2094	Introduction to Hispanic Literature	A brief survey of Spanish and Spanish-American literature from its beginning to the present. Lectures and reading of representative texts. Prerequisite: SPAN 1034 and FYS 1104. IV; V
SPAN2124	SPAN	2124	Chicano Literature and Culture	Students will read, discuss, and analyze representative texts of the Chicano literary tradition and reflect on cultural trends of the mid-20th and early 21st centuries. Emphasis will be given to the Chicano civil rights movement, and to issues of race, class, gender, and marginalization.  Prerequisite: SPAN 1034 IV
SPAN2214	SPAN	2214	Spanish for Business	Designed to provide intermediate Spanish students with a foundation in business vocabulary, basic business concepts, key cultural topics, and the situational practice necessary to be successful in today's Spanish-speaking business world. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: SPAN 1034. IV
SPAN2294	SPAN	2294	Special Topics	Study of an area involving the language, literature, or culture not fully treated in other Spanish courses. Topics change and will be announced in advance. May be repeated for credit if the topic is different. Prerequisite: SPAN 1034 unless specific description states otherwise. IV
SPAN3014	SPAN	3014	Independent Study and Research	Independent study in a specialized field in consultation with a supervising instructor.  This course involves the preparation of a substantial research paper.  May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisites: SPAN-2084, SPAN-2094, and permission  of instructor.
SPAN3024	SPAN	3024	Latin-American Literature	Selected readings exemplifying outstanding trends and works in Spanish-American literature. Prerequisite: SPAN 2094 and FYS 1104. IV; V
SPAN3044	SPAN	3044	Medieval and Golden Age Spanish Literature	Reading and analysis of representative texts from the Middle Ages through the Baroque. Will include selections of early verse and prose genres, such as the Cantar de Mio Cid, through the works of Golden Age masters, including Cervantes, Lope de Vega, and Calderon. Prerequisite: SPAN 2094 and FYS 1104. IV; V
SPAN3054	SPAN	3054	Modern Spanish Literature	Lectures and discussion of Spanish literary trends from the eighteenth century through the present based on critical readings of representative works from the Enlightenment, Romanticism, the Generation of '98, the Generation of 1927, Post-Franquismo, and contemporary literature. Prerequisite: SPAN 2094 and FYS 1104. IV; V
SPAN3074	SPAN	3074	Contemporary Latin-American Prose Fiction	Novels and short stories of selected authors in Spanish America. Will include Asturias, Carpentier, Borges, and Garcia Márquez. Prerequisite: SPAN 2094 and FYS 1104. IV; V
SPAN3084	SPAN	3084	Afro-Hispanic Literature	An introduction to the most representative writers of the African Diaspora in Latin America within its socio-historical contexts focusing on different genres of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Students will explore themes of ethnicity, racism, and alienation, placed in the wider global context of socio-politico-artistic movements such as Negritude and the Harlem Renaissance. Writers will include Manzano, Zapata Olivella, Guillen, Morejon, Duncan, Santa Cruz, and others. Prerequisite: SPAN 2094. III A or IV
SPAN3134	SPAN	3134	Spanish Civilization	The geography, political history, and cultural development of Spain. Readings will be supplemented by films on Spanish history and culture. Prerequisite: SPAN 1034 and FYS 1104. III B or IV; V
SPAN3234	SPAN	3234	Latin-American Civilization	Designed to expose students to the cultural and political development of Latin America from pre-colonial times to the present. It will focus on cultural themes such as diversity, religion, family, education, and gender issues as well as analyze some myths and representations of the 'other.' The course will examine cultural and ethnic diversity and their role in shaping Latin America. Readings will be supplemented by literary excerpts and historical films. Prerequisite: SPAN 1034 and FYS 1104. III A or IV; V
SPAN3504	SPAN	3504	Advanced Special Topics	In-depth study of language, literature, or culture not fully treated in other 3000-level courses. Topics change and will be announced in advance; course may focus on a genre, an issue, an author, or a movement. May be repeated once for credit if the topic is different. Prerequisite: SPAN 2084 or 2094. IV
SPAN4204	SPAN	4204	Internship in Spanish	Provides the student an opportunity to apply and improve Spanish language skills and cultural competence through supervised placement in organizations serving Lexington's Hispanic community. The student chooses an appropriate organization in consultation with the internship supervisor. Student will meet with professor to discuss assigned readings. CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Junior or senior standing, Spanish major, demonstrated language competence, and consent of instructor. May be repeated once for credit; however, only 1 course unit may be counted toward the major.
SPAN4444	SPAN	4444	Senior Seminar	Designed as the capstone experience for Spanish majors. While focusing on a particular genre, author, or time period, the selection of literary texts is geared to refining students' analytical, interpretive, and communicative skills in Spanish. The course will include oral presentations, research, and writing within the sphere of the course topic. Prerequisite: SPAN 1034. IV
THEA1001	THEA	1001	Theater Practicum	Guided participation, for theater productions, in performance, stage management, or crew work on sets, lights, props, costumes, or makeup. A minimum of 40 hours required. May be repeated for up to a maximum of 2 course units. (1/4 course unit each.) CR/NC grading.
THEA1104	THEA	1104	Introduction to Theater	A study of plays in performance through both theory and practice. The means and methods of play-making from scripting to acting to designing to directing are examined. The history of selected movements and styles in drama and theater is explored to develop an understanding of,and a critical appreciation for, live performance as a unique aesthetic. II Fine Arts
THEA1124	THEA	1124	Introduction to Dramatic Literature	An introduction to the study of dramatic literature. Students will practice critical reading and writing about the major periods and genres of world dramatic literature, from the Greeks to the present. They will also be expected to see 2-3 plays performed locally. Also listed as ENG-1124. 
THEA1214	THEA	1214	Preparing to Act	An introductory survey of the theory and practice of acting, with emphasis on action, reaction, and interaction. Performance of scenes and monologues from realistic plays provide opportunities for training in concentration, relaxation, motivation, textual analysis, vocal development, and physical presence. II Fine Arts
THEA1314	THEA	1314	Technical Theater	The study of the basic elements of technical theater, with application to selected examples of dramatic literature. Specifically considered will be fundamentals of set and property construction, lighting and sound technology, costuming and makeup, and backstage organization. Problem-solving techniques for specific play productions will be emphasized. Concurrent registration in THEA 1001 is required. II Fine Arts
THEA1524	THEA	1524	Imagining the Production	Explores theatrical strategies in more than a dozen dramatic texts selected from numerous cultures over the past 2,500 years. Plays will be studied in the context of dramatic theories, theater practicalities, and playwrights' individual talents. Texts will be treated in class as literary blueprints meant to be interpreted, read aloud, performed, and produced as they were in their own time and could be today.  II Fine Arts
THEA1624	THEA	1624	Dramaturgy	Dramaturgy is a process of artistic and critical exploration involving research, criticism, and collaboration on play analysis and production in the American theater. Students learn to bridge the divide between humanities research and theater rehearsals as they focus on artistic interpretation and audience impact. Students edit a theater program, curate an exhibit, compile an actor packet, and prepare a dramaturgical casebook. Students also attend performances and study dramaturgical practices at theaters in the region.  II Fine Arts
THEA2204	THEA	2204	Spectator as Critic	Explores creative writing as it pertains to the theatrical critique, specifically addressing the role of theater critic as a neutral party, the methodology and rhetorical strategies employed, the importance of crafting a thorough and representative review, the psychological impact of a good or bad review on a potential audience member, the practical effects of a review on a company or a production, the timing of a review, and the opportunities for publication (both in print and digital media). Student will examine and dissect contemporary theatrical reviews, research prominent critics, and watch 3-4 productions, crafting thoughtful and engaging reviews for each. II Fine Arts
THEA2224	THEA	2224	Building a Character	An advanced acting course, designed to develop the actor's ability in applying style, tempo, and originality toward the creation of a character on stage. Performance of scenes and monologues selected primarily from classical plays offer challenges in textual interpretation and gestural emphasis, vocal expression, and physical embodiment. Prerequisite: A full-unit Fine Arts course. IV
THEA2234	THEA	2234	Creative Dramatics	The study of improvisational theater as a means to explore dramatic structure, character attributes, themes, language, sounds, and physicalization. This course is designed to improve acting skills, enhance imagination, and encourage collaboration. Active participation essential. Public performances will occur throughout term. No prior acting experience necessary. Prerequisite: A full-unit course in Fine Arts. IV
THEA2292	THEA	2292	Special Topics in Theater	An in-depth study of a particular topic in drama and theater, and the theories and methods used to study that topic. Possible subjects include genre studies; musical theater; political theater; Eastern Theater forms; theatrical make-up and mask-making; costume history; and children's theater.  (1/2 course unit.) Prerequisite: A full-unit course in Fine Arts.
THEA2294	THEA	2294	Special Topics in Theater	An in-depth study of a particular topic in drama and theater, and the theories and methods used to study that topic. Possible subjects include genre studies; musical theater; political theater; Eastern Theater forms; theatrical make-up and mask-making; costume history; and children's theater. Prerequisite: a full unit course in Fine Arts.  IV
THEA2324	THEA	2324	Theater Design	Basic principles and practices of designing for the stage, including the scenic, lighting, and costume elements of a theatrical production. Emphasis placed on design procedures, research techniques and materials, period styles, design history, drafting and rendering skills, and application of design concepts to specific plays. Concurrent registration in THEA 1001 is required. Prerequisite: A full-unit Fine Arts course. IV
THEA2364	THEA	2364	World Design: Asian Scenic	Study of the visual language and the cultural and critical aesthetic of world approaches to scenic design. The specific focus on Asia will guide students through an in-depth exploration of the history, values, beliefs, artistic influences, and contemporary mindset of Japanese, Indonesian, Chinese, and Indian cultures. Students will broaden their knowledge of scenic design practices, gain awareness of aesthetic cultural heritage, and expand their understanding of what is viewed as beautiful. Prerequisite: THEA 1104.  III A or IV
THEA3072	THEA	3072	Special Projects in Theater Arts	Individual projects in performance, design, technical production, or theater history designed to permit the qualified student to explore more thoroughly specific problems in a given area. (1/2 course unit.) May be repeated for credit up to a maximum of 2 course units between 3072 and 3074. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
THEA3074	THEA	3074	Special Projects in Theater Arts	Individual projects in performance, design, technical production, or theater history designed to permit the qualified student to explore more thoroughly specific problems in a given area. (1 course unit.) May be repeated for credit up to a maximum of 2 course units between 3072 and 3074. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
THEA3244	THEA	3244	Creating a Role	An advanced-level course in acting. Through selected examples, students will develop acting techniques suitable for performing various styles and genres, such as Greek tragedy, realism, high comedy, farce, Brechtian epic theater, musical theater, theater of the absurd, and acting for the camera. Resume and audition material preparation will also be stressed, as well as performance at regular intervals. Prerequisite: THEA 2224. May be repeated once for credit. IV
THEA3314	THEA	3314	Advanced Design	Advanced level design course with intensive study of a specific area of theatrical design, selected from one of the following areas: scenic, lighting, costume, or makeup. May be repeated for credit in different design area. Specific area offered on a rotating basis and/or upon student request and faculty availability. Prerequisites: THEA 2324 and permission of instructor. IV
THEA3324	THEA	3324	Shakespeare I	An intensive study of 8-10 plays drawn from the first half of Shakespeare's career. Will deal with selected histories, comedies, and tragedies up to about 1600. Prerequisite: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor. Also listed as ENG 3324. IV; V
THEA3334	THEA	3334	Shakespeare II	An intensive study of at least 10 plays from the second half of Shakespeare's career. Will deal with the problem comedies, mature tragedies, and tragicomedies. Prerequisites: ENG 2904 or permission of instructor. Also listed as ENG 3334. IV; V
THEA3414	THEA	3414	Fundamentals of Play Directing	The basic elements of directing for a proscenium theater, including play analysis for directors, techniques for actor development, and practical play production. Extensive classroom exercises for training in composition, picturization, movement, design, pacing, and casting, concluding with a public performance of a short scene. Prerequisites: DRA 1214 and 1314. IV
THEA3424	THEA	3424	Advanced Directing	Advanced elements of directing, with emphasis on staging for various actor-audience spatial arrangements, directing in period styles and classical genres, and developing effective rehearsal techniques, production schedules, and organizational collaborations. Prerequisites: THEA 3414 and permission of instructor. IV
THEA3514	THEA	3514	Modern Drama and Theater	A survey of modern dramatic literature and patterns in theater history during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Selected plays, staging styles, acting techniques, design aspects, and theatrical theory and criticism will be explored within cultural and historical contexts. Prerequisite: A full-unit Theater course and FYS-1104. IV; V
THEA3524	THEA	3524	Classical Drama and Theater	A survey of classical dramatic literature and patterns in theater history from the fifth-century Greek era to the nineteenth century. Selected plays, staging styles, acting techniques, design aspects, and theatrical theory and criticism will be explored within cultural and historical contexts. Prerequisite: A full-unit Theater course and FYS-1104. IV; V
THEA3534	THEA	3534	Playwriting	A practical course in writing a one-act play. Beginning with a scenario or outline of events, through the various drafts and rewrites, and concluding with a final version which will be given a public reading, each playwright will not only experience the process of writing a producible script, but also learn the aesthetic principles guiding the making of dramatic literature. Prerequisite: Any theater course. IV
THEA4004	THEA	4004	Senior Seminar	Capstone course in theater for intensive and independent study (with faculty supervision) of a major area of theater, such as playwriting, acting, directing, designing, dramaturgy, or research, culminating in a public performance as appropriate to subject. Prerequisite: Senior status. IV
THEA4204	THEA	4204	Internship in Theater	Internship with professional profit or nonprofit theater company. Possible areas of experience include theater management (box office, marketing, fund-raising), acting, stagecraft, lighting or costume construction, and/or crews. (1 course unit.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: DRA 1314, 3414, or junior or senior standing and permission of instructor.
THEA4208	THEA	4208	Internship in Theater	Internship with professional profit or nonprofit theater company. Possible areas of experience include theater management (box office, marketing, fund-raising), acting, stagecraft, lighting or costume construction, and/or crews. (2 course units.) CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: DRA 1314, 3414, or junior or senior standing and permission of instructor.
UKCE1064	UKCE	1064	Computer Graphics and Communications	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Introduction to the use of scale, dimensioning, and orthographic projections. Graphical solution of spatial problems. Integrated application of computer graphics. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, four hours per week. Prerequisite: MATH-1304
UKCE3414	UKCE	3414	Introduction to Fluid Mechanics	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Fundamental principles of thermodynamics and fluid flow. Includes fluids at rest, fluids in motion. Continuity, momentum and energy relations, ideal and viscous fluids. Emphasis on incompressible fluids. Description of pumps and open channels. Prerequisites: PHYS-2115 and MATH-2084 
UKCE3814	UKCE	3814	Civil Engineering Materials I	UK Engineering Partnership Course. A study of the microscopic and macroscopic structures and properties of materials used in civil engineering construction with emphasis on the relationships of their physical and mechanical properties to engineering design and application. Written reports and oral presentation of results will be required. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, three hours per week. Prerequisite: UKEM-3024 
UKCME2004	UKCME	2004	Process Principles	UK Engineering Partnership Course. A course in material and energy balances, units, conversions, tie elements, recycle, bypass, equations of state, heat effects, phase transitions, and the first and second laws of thermodynamics applications in separation processes involving equilibrium reactions and energy exchange. Prerequisite: A grade of C or better in MATH-1304 and CHEM-1065, MATH-1324 and PHYS-2115 (MATH-1324 and PHYS-2115 may be taken concurrently)
UKCME2204	UKCME	2204	Computational Tools in Chemical Engineering	UK Engineering Partnership Course. An introduction to computational tools used in chemical engineering, such as Microsoft Excel, MATLAB, and Aspen. Prerequisite: A grade of C or better UKCME-2004
UKCME3204	UKCME	3204	Engineering Thermodynamics Engineering	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Fundamentals of thermodynamics, review of first law, second and third laws, VL, LL and SL equilibria, homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reaction equilibria. Prerequisite: MATH-2144, PHYS-2115, and a grade of C or better UKCME-2004
UKCME3304	UKCME	3304	Fluid Mechanics Engineering	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Introduction to the physical properties of fluids, fluid statics. Equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy for systems and control volumes. Dimensional analysis and similarity. Principles of inviscid and real fluid flows; flow through pipes and around bodies. Application and design of fluid handling systems.  Prerequisites: UKCME-2204, UKCME-3204 and MATH-2084
UKCME4154	UKCME	4154	Separation Processes Engineering	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Separations based on both equilibrium stage concepts and mass transfer rate control are addressed for a range of chemical process operations, including distillation, gas absorption, extraction, adsorption, and membrane-based processes. Design problems are conceived to require computer-aided modeling and analysis. Prerequisites: UKCME-2204 and UKCME-3204
UKCME4254	UKCME	4254	Heat and Mass Transfer Engineering	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Fundamental principles of conduction and convective heat transfer, and diffusional and convective mass transfer. Design applications to heat exchanges and packed bed absorbers. Prerequisites: UKCME-3304 and UKCME-4154
UKEE2114	UKEE	2114	Circuits I	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Fundamental laws, principles and analysis techniques for DC and AC linear circuits whose elements consist of passive and active components used in modern engineering practice including the determination of steady state and transient responses. Prerequisites: MATH-1324 and PHYS-2125 (PHYS-2125 may be taken concurrently)  
UKEE2214	UKEE	2214	Circuits II	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Analysis and design methods for analog linear circuits whose elements consist of passive and active components used in modern engineering practice, including transfer functions, network parameters, and a design project involving modern design practices. Prerequisites: UKEE-2114 and MATH-2084 (MATH-2084  may be taken concurrently)  
UKEE2223	UKEE	2223	Electrical Engineering Laboratory I	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Laboratory exercises in the use of measuring instruments. Experiments in R-L-C circuit analysis. Lecture, one hour; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite: UKEE-2214 (may be taken concurrently)  
UKEE2804	UKEE	2804	Design of Logic Circuits	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Boolean algebra; combinational logic circuits; synchronous sequential circuits; asynchronous sequential circuits; design problems using standard integrated circuits. Prerequisite: CS-2124  
UKEE2813	UKEE	2813	Logical Design Laboratory	UK Engineering Partnership Course. A laboratory involving the design and implementation of logic circuits. Combinational and sequential (both synchronous) design examples using small and medium scale integrated circuits. Lecture, one hour; laboratory, one three-hour session. Prerequisite: UKEE-2804  
UKEE3054	UKEE	3054	Electrical Circuits and Electronics	UK Engineering Partnership Course. A service course covering electrical engineering principles for engineering or science students with majors outside of electrical engineering. Topics include: circuits analysis, power, electronics, digital logic and instrumentation. Prerequisites: PHYS-2125 and MATH-1324 
UKEM2214	UKEM	2214	Statics	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Study of forces on bodies at rest. Vector algebra; study of force systems; equivalent force systems; distributed forces; internal forces; principles of equilibrium; application to trusses, frames and beams; friction. Prerequisite or corequisite: MATH-2144 
UKEM3024	UKEM	3024	Mechanics of Deformable Solids	UK Engineering Partnership Course. A study of stress and strain in deformable solids with application primarily to linear elastic materials: stress and strain transformations; simple tension and compression of axial members; torsion of shafts; bending of beams; combined loading of members; buckling of columns. Prerequisites: UKEM-2214 and MATH-2084 (MATH-2084 may be taken concurrently)
UKEM3134	UKEM	3134	Dynamics	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Study of the motion of bodies. Kinematics: cartesian and polar coordinate systems; normal and tangential components; translating and rotating reference frames. Kinetics of particles and rigid bodies: laws of motion; work and energy; impulse and momentum. Prerequisites: UKEM-2214 and MATH-2084 (MATH-2084 may be taken concurrently)
UKME2204	UKME	2204	Engineering Thermodynamics	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Fundamental principles of thermodynamics. Prerequisites: PHYS-2115 and MATH-2084 (MATH-2084 may be taken concurrently)
UKME3304	UKME	3304	Fluid Mechanics	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Introduction to the physical properties of fluids, fluid statics. Equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy for systems and control volumes. Dimensional analysis and similarity. Principles of inviscid and real fluid flows; flow through pipes and around bodies. Application and design of fluid handling systems.  Prerequisites: UKME-2204 and MATH-2084 
UKMSE2014	UKMSE	2014	Materials Science	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Microscopic and macroscopic structure as related to the properties of materials with engineering applications. Prerequisites: MATH-1324 and CHEM-1055 
UKMSE3514	UKMSE	3514	Material Thermodynamics	UK Engineering Partnership Course. Solution thermodynamics; partial molal quantities; ideal and non-ideal solutions; application of thermodynamics to phase equilibria; heterogeneous equilibria; free energy-composition relationships; temperature-pressure relationships.  Prerequisites: UKMSE-2014 and MATH-2144 (MATH-2144 may be taken concurrently) 
UNIV0900	UNIV	0900	Master Student Skills I	Learn to Study Smarter, Not Harder ! -- This information packed 5 week mini-course examines the mindset, habits, & skills of successful students. Topics include: Motivation, Changing Habits, Time Management, Reading Speed & Comprehension, Note taking, Test Taking, Test Anxiety, Procrastination, and much more.
UNIV0901	UNIV	0901	Master Student Skills II	This engaging and fast-paced 4 session mini-course (each class is 50 minutes, meets one time per week) is designed for any student who wants to advance academic skills, habits, and mindset to a new level. Topics Include: Assessment of learning strengths & weaknesses, enhancing self-discipline & motivation, goal setting and task management, improving questioning/critical thinking skills, problem solving learning challenges, and much more.  Prerequisite: UNIV-0900
UNIV0902	UNIV	0902	I-TRac	This is an intensive and individualized academic coaching program designed to assist any student in maximizing academic achievement. The program has two basic requirements: 1) Attend a minimum of 7 individual meetings (distributed over the academic term) with an academic coach to identify learning strengths and weaknesses, problem solve academic challenges, set goals for overcoming obstacles, and develop a game plan for academic success. 2) Complete brief weekly feedback assignments, checklists, and self-evaluation worksheets related to the topics of managing time, overcoming procrastination, designing and implementing course specific study strategies, motivation, self-discipline, changing habits, personal responsibility, and much more. If you are serious about academic success, the I-TRac Program can assist you in producing results. Prerequisite: UNIV-0900
UNIV1216	UNIV	1216	Regent's College, London Uk	This course designation is used to allow students to maintain full-time affiliation with Transylvania while participating in off-campus study programs. Academic credit earned via this designator is not applicable toward degree requirements and will be replaced by appropriate transfer credit from the off-campus institution.
UNIV1217	UNIV	1217	Off-Campus Studies: KIIS	This course designation is used to allow students to maintain full-time affiliation with Transylvania while participating in off-campus study programs. Academic credit earned via this designator is not applicable toward degree requirements and will be replaced by appropriate transfer credit from the off-campus institution.
UNIV1218	UNIV	1218	Off-Campus Studies	This course designation is used to allow students to maintain full-time affiliation with Transylvania while participating in off-campus study programs. Academic credit earned via this designator is not applicable toward degree requirements and will be replaced by appropriate transfer credit from the off-campus institution.
UNIV1219	UNIV	1219	Off-Campus Study: Semester At Seminary	Semester at Seminary provides qualified Transylvania University students the opportunity to experience theological education prior to their decision to enter graduate school. Through this unique program, students can explore their sense of calling and vocation while immersing themselves in the culture of the host seminary. Prerequisite: Junior standing and permission of instructor.
UNIV1220	UNIV	1220	Continuation of Winter Study Abroad	This course designation is used to allow students to maintain full-time affiliation with Transylvania while participating in off-campus study programs. Academic credit earned via this designator is not applicable toward degree requirements and will be replaced by appropriate transfer credit from the off-campus institution.
UNIV1221	UNIV	1221	Summer Study Abroad	This course is a placeholder for students participating in summer off-campus study programs. Academic credit earned via this designator is not applicable toward degree requirements and will be replaced by appropriate transfer credit from the off-campus institution.
UNIV1780	UNIV	1780	Transy Engagements	In order to develop the habits of a liberally educated, lifelong learner, all first-year and events to attend on campus across the Fall, Winter and May semesters. Qualifying co-curricular events include, but are not necessarily limited to, lectures and presentations by Transylvania faculty or visiting scholars and artists; campus plays, films, art shows, and concerts; and qualifying activities organized by the Office of Community Engagements. (1/4 course unit awarded for successful completion of the requirements.)  
UNIV4001	UNIV	4001	Library Research Skills	Through a combination of lectures and personal assignments, all students will be introduced to the types of library resources used at the graduate level as well as examples of essential works in their fields. A review of basic library skills will be included.
UNIVMAYOFF	UNIV	MAYOFF	May Term Off	This is a placeholder to identify students who have designated this May term as their "off" term.  Starting in Fall 2012, all students who are enrolled in August Term get 1 August term and 3 May terms included in their 4 years of tuition.
WGS1004	WGS	1004	Introduction to Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies	An introduction to key topics, concepts, approaches, and problems in women's, gender, and sexuality studies. Investigates the meaning and significance of gender and introduces students to the multiplicity of ideas at the intersections of sexual and racialized identities, variously marked bodies, and gendered expressions, as well as power embedded in their various representations in popular culture. Central areas of inquiry include the ways in which race, ethnicity, sexuality, class, nationality, age, and ability shape experience, culture, and politics.
WGS2004	WGS	2004	Feminist Philosophies	Covering authors from the 1700s through the present, this course will present a survey, exploration, and critical assessment of the varieties of philosophical thought orbiting around what have been known as the 'woman question' and 'feminism.' Topics may include educational reform, suffrage, equal rights, psychoanalysis, socialism, radical feminism, post-modernism, and feminist critiques of popular culture. Also listed as PHIL 2004. IV
WGS2014	WGS	2014	Introduction to Sexuality Studies	An overview of contemporary sexual knowledge and politics, the social construction of sexuality, and social control of sexuality. Examines ways in which sexual desire and sexual practices are structured by social relations, and how sexual identities, expressions, and representations vary in time and space. Analyzes how sexuality intersects with other vectors of power such as gender, race, and class. Also covers representations of sexualities in the media, especially in television and film. Also listed as SOC 2084. IV
WGS2024	WGS	2024	Women's Health	This course will explore the social, political and cultural issues impacting women's health and the special health needs of women across the lifespan. Students will discuss the relationship of women, both as consumers and practitioners, to the health care system and will research the health behaviors unique to women to achieve and maintain wellness and to prevent chronic disease. Also listed as EXSC 2014. IV
WGS2124	WGS	2124	Romance, Gender, and Popular Culture	Examines how forms of American popular culture - television, film, novels - shape our understanding of romance with respect to gender, sexuality, race, and class. Analyzes the construction of gender in relation to the ideology of romance, with a focus on the wedding-industrial complex and heterosexuality as ritualized practice in popular culture and society. Examines how popular culture is created and experienced and how we can engage critically with our roles as producers and consumers of culture. IV
WGS2134	WGS	2134	Immigration, Gender, and Race	This class will investigate how gender and race shape immigration patterns, how they are incorporated into the dynamics of corporate globalization, and how they operate in immigrant social networks. We will cover topics such as employment, family, identity, sexuality, immigrant social life, globalization, and transnationalism. While examining the history of immigration in the U.S and other countries, we will analyze how economic status, citizenship, and privilege become enmeshed in vectors of power such as gender, race, and nation. Also listed as SOC 2154. IV
WGS2144	WGS	2144	Women's Literature	A survey of major issues in the study of women in literature, covering a representative sample of women writers. Questions will be raised about the nature and effects of patriarchal thinking on women and women writers, about the ways in which women's problems emerge in women's writing, and about the ways in which women writers image reality. Prerequisite: FYS 1104 and at least one ENG course. WS 1004 is recommended preparation. Also listed as ENG 2144. IV; V
WGS2154	WGS	2154	American Women Writers and Ethnicity	A study of prose and poetry written by women in America: African-American, Asian, Chicana, American Indian, West and East Indian. The course will focus on questions raised about historicity, race, class, and gender, and the function of writing in addressing such social dynamics. Beyond this inquiry, the course will address issues related to compound identities and communities, class position and education, the construction of sexuality, the formation of collective ethnic or racial consciousness, and women's communities. Writers may include Hurston, Larsen, Morrison, Kingston, Erdrich, Andalzua, Muhkerjee, and others. Also listed as ENG 2154. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV; V
WGS2294	WGS	2294	Special Topics in Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies	An intensive study and exploration into specific topics in women's, gender, and sexuality studies that are not fully treated in other courses. May be related to a particular issue, historical period, or geographical area. Usually offered in May term, topics change and will be announced in advance. May be repeated for credit provided the period or topic is different. IV
WGS2314	WGS	2314	Gender and Children's Literature	Acquaints the student with issues related to the construction of gender in literature for children and young adults. The focus may change from term to term, so that gender issues in specific genres can be explored in-depth. Students will complete group projects and reflections on films and readings. Prerequisite: EDU 1004, 2024, WS 1004 or permission of instructor. Also listed as EDU 2314. IV
WGS2414	WGS	2414	Sociology of Gender	Intensive study of how social relations between males and females are organized, lived, and understood in the United States, with some emphasis on historical and cross-cultural comparison. Topics include gender socialization, masculinity and femininity, gender at work and in the family, and sex and gender inequality and change. Prerequisite: SOC 1004 and FYS-1104. Also listed as SOC 2414. IV; V
WGS2524	WGS	2524	Psychology of Gender	Provides students with an overview of psychological research and theory on gender. The course provides analysis of the myths and stereotypes associated with women and men in society, the social and psychological gender differences that have been identified in the research, and the evidence and theoretical arguments concerning the origin and functional implications of these differences. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. Also listed as PSY 2524. IV
WGS2534	WGS	2534	"Doing Gender" in Marriage	An examination of the ways in which gender is activated and enacted in the institution of marriage in the United States from psychological, sociological, and historical perspectives. Uses a feminist lens to emphasize the roles of psychological and interactional processes between partners, and of cultural narratives and social institutions, in the experience of "doing gender" in marriage. Promotes the goals of authenticity and mindful decision-making as strategies for maximizing success in long-term partnerships. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. Also listed as PSY 2534. IV
WGS2554	WGS	2554	Human Sexuality	Explores the psychological and physiological aspects of human sexual behavior. Emphasis is placed on the cultural and biological diversity of sexual expression. Prerequisite: PSY 1004. Also listed as PSY 2504. IV
WGS2714	WGS	2714	Jane Austen and Film	Examines what Jane Austen's novels and their film adaptations reveal about both Regency England and the contemporary world. The course explores the novels in their original cultural contexts and asks how these novels speak to the interests, desires, and problems of today's culture. Students will read in detail four of Austen's novels and discuss the efforts of twentieth-century filmmakers to capture, edit, and update Austen's humor and wit for today's audiences. Also listed as ENG 2714. IV
WGS2934	WGS	2934	Gender, Culture, and the Social Body	Investigates sociological and anthropological perspectives on the body. Topics include an analysis of body modification and alteration, (diet, exercise, bodybuilding, scarification), and bodily decoration (tattooing, body paint, jewelry, ceremonial clothing). The course poses questions such as: How are issues of power and domination written into cultural scripts about ideal forms? How does bodily decoration convey gendered meanings and statuses? Explores how processes of development and capitalism have transformed understandings and attitudes about beauty, clothing, and the 'ideal' body. Prerequisite: ANTH 1024 or SOC 1004. Also listed as ANTH 2934 and SOC 2934. IV
WGS3044	WGS	3044	Gender and Communication	The study of the role communication plays in the socialization of gender and the role gender plays in communication. Focus on relational interaction in interpersonal, educational, family and organization contexts, on mass media messages, and on issues of power and critique. Also listed as WS 3044. Prerequisite: WRC 1004, WS 1004, or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
WGS3124	WGS	3124	Women in American Life and Thought	An examination of the role of women in American life and thought involving an analysis of the changing roles of women from the colonial era to the present. Focus on the varieties of women's experiences at every level of social life, in the professions, and in the family, as well as women's struggle for suffrage and equal rights. Prerequisite: HIST 1154 or WS 1004 and FYS 1104. Also listed as HIST 3124. IV; V
WGS3134	WGS	3134	Women in Art	A study of major issues about women and art from the Renaissance to the present. Discussion will center on the nature of images made by women and on the social, political, and economic forces that shape women's work. Special emphasis will be placed on women as patrons, collectors, and models. Seminar format with extensive readings and research paper. Also listed as ART 3124. Prerequisite: ARTH 1124, 2144, or WS 1004 and FYS 1104. IV; V
WGS3144	WGS	3144	Gender in European History	Investigates how understandings of gender have affected European women and men from the Enlightenment to the contemporary era. Topics covered may include the relationship of gender to the revolution, industrialization, imperialism, totalitarianism, and total war, as well as the role of gender in everyday life. Prerequisite: HIST 1024, 2144, 2154, WS 1004, or permission of instructor.  Also listed as HIST 3144.  IV
WGS3154	WGS	3154	Religion and Gender in Popular Culture:	This course uses famous and relevant popular culture as a medium for the study of religion and gender at an elevated level. Students will be expected to have some familiarity of the popular culture to be examined prior to the class. The class will build from other religion courses, namely Intro and Gender Roles in two specific ways. It will focus on theory coupled with its application in a variety of religious traditions with concentrations on religion, gender, social justice, race, and culture with a view to understanding their intersection. Prerequisites: Any one of the following classes or permission from the Instructor: REL 1014; REL 2154; WS 1004; WS 2004/PHIL 2004; WS 2044; WS 2294; WS 2414/SOC2414; WS2524/PSY 2524; WS 2934; WS 3204; WS 3244; WS 3514; WS 3534 amd FYS 1104. IV; V
WGS3204	WGS	3204	Reading and Representing Women's Lives	Directed toward students with previous work in women's studies scholarship and is open to students from any major discipline. Explores and critically assesses certain interdisciplinary aspects of women's studies that relate to the "reading" and representing of women's lives. Examines women's lives in the United States, and considers the possibilities and problematics of locating similarities and differences among women in specific global contexts. Topics may include women's historical movements, global feminism, equal rights, health and bioethics, violence against women, and feminist critiques of fine art and popular culture. Prerequisite: FYS-1104. IV; V
WGS3234	WGS	3234	Feminist Rhetorics	Aristotle is commonly referred to as the father of rhetoric, but what about rhetoric's mothers-not to mention daughters, sisters, girlfriends, aunts? Women's voices were long excluded or erased from the recording or telling of histories of rhetoric, but feminist rhetorical scholars have sought to re(dis)cover these women's voices and to retell their stories. And more recently, feminist rhetorical scholars have pushed at the boundaries of gender and looked to explore what role feminist rhetorics might play in an increasingly digital and transnational world. This course considers a range of historical and contemporary views of feminist rhetorics-including texts from/about women and feminist rhetors as well as key texts about the development of the field-and asks students to contribute their own voices and scholarly work to these ongoing conversations. Prerequisite: FYS 1104. Also listed as WRC 3234. IV
WGS3244	WGS	3244	Global Feminisms	Designed to introduce students to women's issues, experiences, and activities from outside of the United States, focusing on areas generally understood to be part of the "Third World." Using an interdisciplinary and comparative approach, students will draw on various methods of analyzing and understanding the production of gender relations and the webs of power within which women's lives are situated. Cultural dimensions of gender and power will also be considered. Topics studied may include colonialism, globalization, maternity and reproductive rights, violence, population and poverty, sexuality and sex work, women's activism, and grassroots cooperatives. Each time the course is taught, the focus is on three major world regions, exploring the above issues within each one. Also listed as ANTH 3244. Prerequisite: WS 1004 or PHIL 2004 and FYS 1104. III A or IV; V
WGS3424	WGS	3424	Women in Education	Examines the impact of women on philosophical foundations in the field of education and the subtle forms of sexism that undermine the education of girls and young women in current educational contexts. Students will examine work of historical and contemporary women philosophers to understand their unique contributions to the field of education. Students will also examine developmental needs of girls and current research on gender inequities within schools. Prerequisite: Completion of Area II Social Science and EDU 2014. Also listed as EDU 3424.  IV; V
WGS3434	WGS	3434	Queer Theory	In addition to tracing the history and origins of queer theory, questions we will pursue include: whether knowledge/theory is "sexed"; who gets to theorize about whom and why; whether queer theory differs from gender theory and/or lesbian/gay/bisexual studies; the political implications of queer theory; the roles of race and class in queer theory; whether queer theory is feminist; and whether or not the recent cultural fascination with queerness signals a weakening of heternosexism in our society. Also listed as PHIL 3434. IV
WGS3514	WGS	3514	Gender in Cross Cultural Perspective	Provides analysis of the cultural conditions (both material and ideological) that shape the meanings underlying masculinity and femininity in various cultural contexts. Perspectives from Marxist and feminist theory, political economy, psychodynamic/psychological anthropology, and evolutionary psychology are utilized to understand gendered differences in cultural behavior. Prerequisites: FYS-1104,  ANTH 1024 or WS 1004; and at least 1 2000 level or above anthropology course. Also listed as ANTH 3504. III A or IV; V
WGS3534	WGS	3534	Black Feminist Theory	Examines critical and theoretical issues in Black feminism from the 19C to the present, focusing on the influential contemporary black feminist intellectual tradition that emerged in the 1970s. From this perspective, students will explore certain themes and topics, such as work, family, politics, and community, through reading the writings of Black feminists. We will also study the ways in which women and men have worked together, towards the eradication of race and gender inequality, among other systems of oppression, which have historically subjugated Black women. Although emphasis will be placed on Black feminist traditions in the United States and Britain, at the end of the semester we will consider Black feminism in global perspective. Prerequisite: WS 1004, PHIL 2004/WS 2004, or permission of instructor. Also listed as PHIL 3534. III B or IV.
WGS4204	WGS	4204	Internship in Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies	The internship program is designed to provide students with opportunities for learning and working in organizations in ways that connect their course work in women's, gender, and sexuality studies to specific issues in community settings; this may include legal, medical, governmental, political, educational, or other organizations. Working with a women's, gender, and sexuality studies faculty member, the student will design a project based on volunteer work in a community organization that deals with issues of gender and/or sexuality in the context of social justice. Throughout the term, the faculty member will closely supervise the student's work. CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Three courses in the women's, gender, and sexuality studies minor, including WGS 1004, declared women's, gender, and sexuality studies minor, and permission of the instructor.
WGS4244	WGS	4244	Directed Study in Women's Studies	Individual student reading and research in a selected area of women's, gender, and sexuality studies. Allows students to supplement their study of women's, gender, and sexuality studies in areas not covered by existing course offerings. The project must be approved by the Director of Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies as well as the student's academic advisor prior to the student's registration for the course. The directed study will be executed under the supervision of the appropriate faculty member. Prerequisites: Four courses in the women's, gender, and sexuality studies minor, including WGS 1004, declared women's, gender, and sexuality studies minor, and permission of the instructor.
WGS4294	WGS	4294	Advanced Studies in Women's Studies	This interdisciplinary course provides students with an examination of significant issues at the forefront of feminist theory and research, as well as the principal theoretical debates in women's, gender, and sexuality studies. The course includes an overview of current research in women's, gender, and sexuality studies, emphasizing theoretical and methodological issues, the development of women's, gender, and sexuality studies as a field, the relationship of women's, gender, and sexuality studies to traditional fields, and the nature of interdisciplinary research. It is designed primarily to encourage students to engage more deeply with questions that arise from the study of women's, gender, and sexuality studies, as well as provide occasion for students to reflect on work done throughout the major or minor. The course also includes an independent, advanced research project, the topic of which will be chosen in close consultation with the instructor. Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing in women's, gender, and sexuality studies and permission of instructor. IV
WRC1004	WRC	1004	Introduction to Communication	Focuses on the ways we utilize communication in everyday interactions, including interpersonal communication, organizational communication, and persuasion. Both linguistic and nonverbal forms will be analyzed. Only open to first-year students and sophomores.
WRC1034	WRC	1034	Public Speaking	A study of the selection, organization, preparation, and presentation of public address. Develops research skills, as well as skills in verbal and non-verbal communication of messages. Standard or CR/NC grading.
WRC1044	WRC	1044	Confident Writing	Concentrates on basic skills of grammar style, and mechanics. Includes practice in defining a topic, refining a thesis, organizing, developing, and editing academic essays. 
WRC1054	WRC	1054	Introduction to Journalism	Instruction and practice in writing news and feature material, with attention to journalism ethics, editorial writing, and the practices of gathering and evaluating news. 
WRC1064	WRC	1064	Argumentation and Debate	The study of the structure and presentation of arguments, focusing on the utilization of argumentation techniques in debate settings. Students develop skills in researching, evaluating, and using evidence in support of claims. The class focuses on the development of cases, refutation, strategies and practice, effective reasoning, and quality presentation of one's own arguments and one's rebuttals to the claims of others. 
WRC1071	WRC	1071	Speech Practicum	Instruction and practice in competitive forensics. Students will compete in debate and/or individual events (possible categories include interpretation, limited preparation, and public speaking events). Students must take part in at least one tournament for credit. May be repeated 3 times. 
WRC1112	WRC	1112	Writing Laboratory	Concentrates on basic skills and forms of expository writing, emphasizing paragraphs and short essays. May be required of students whose writing, in the judgment of the First Year Seminar faculty, requires further attention beyond that available in FYS 1004 and 1104. May also be required of an upperclass student on the recommendation of an instructor, program director, or adviser. Admission of these students will require concurrence with the director of the Writing Center. Any student who registers for this course must complete it satisfactorily to graduate. There is no overload fee for enrollment in this course.  (1/2 course unit.) CR/NC grading.
WRC2001	WRC	2001	Writing, Rhetoric, and Comm. Practicum	Instruction and practice in writing, rhetoric, and communication. Specific content of the practicum will depend on the course designation and student need. Possible examples include Writing Center consultant training in pedagogical theory, publications instruction, and mass media involvement. (1/4 unit of credit.)  May accumulate up to 1 unit of credit in practicum experiences. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor or department chair.
WRC2002	WRC	2002	Writing, Rhetoric, & Comm Practicum	Instruction and practice in writing, rhetoric, and communication. Specific content of the practicum will depend on the course designation and student need. Possible examples include Writing Center consultant training in pedagogical theory, publications instruction, and mass media involvement. (1/2 units of credit.)  May accumulate up to 1 unit of credit in practicum experiences. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor or department chair.
WRC2003	WRC	2003	Writing, Rhetoric, & Comm Practicum	Instruction and practice in writing, rhetoric, and communication. Specific content of the practicum will depend on the course designation and student need. Possible examples include Writing Center consultant training in pedagogical theory, publications instruction, and mass media involvement. (3/4 course unit.)  May accumulate up to 1 unit of credit in practicum experiences. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor or department chair.
WRC2004	WRC	2004	Writ, Rhet, & Comm Practicum	Instruction and practice in writing, rhetoric, and communication. Specific content of the practicum will depend on the course designation and student need. Possible examples include Writing Center consultant training in pedagogical theory, publications instruction, and mass media involvement. (1 unit of credit.)  May accumulate up to 1 unit of credit in practicum experiences. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor or department chair.
WRC2012	WRC	2012	Writing Center Theory and Practice	Writing Center theory draws upon movements in rhetoric, composition studies, digital literacy, education, social science (especially sociology and psychology), philosophy, gender studies, and literary theory. Although an important goal of this class is to help prepare students to serve as peer-based writing consultants, its primary goal is to help participants develop a working knowledge of writing history, theory, and pedagogy - a field of study that can be applied to both academic and professional environments. Participants will use readings, group activities, and observations to help develop a sense of their own writing process. There is no overload fee for enrollment in this course. Instructor consent required. (1/2 course unit.) Suggested perquisites: FYS and FYRS.
WRC2014	WRC	2014	Oral Interpretation of Literature	A study of the way writers communicate meaning through action, character, figurative language, period, and setting, and the methods by which an oral interpreter might express those elements vocally and visually in a performance program unified by an original theme. Literary analysis and performance technique is practiced with selections in poetry, prose, drama, and various combinations. Participation in a Speech Meet is required. Prerequisite: Any WRC or English course. IV
WRC2054	WRC	2054	Intercultural Communication	The study of the ways both macro-culture and micro-culture shape us as communicators, and the methods for enhancing interaction across these differences. Analysis of both verbal and non-verbal communication styles, with an interest in interpersonal, organizational, and governmental interactions. Prerequisite: FYS-1104.  IV; V
WRC2074	WRC	2074	Fiction Workshop	An introductory study of the conventions that shape fiction combined with extensive practice in using these conventions.  Conducted as a workshop, the course will involve regular writing and discussion of the work produced by the student writers themselves. Students wishing to enroll must present satisfactory evidence of motivation and serious interest in creative writing. Standard or CR/NC grading. IV
WRC2084	WRC	2084	Poetry Workshop	An introductory study of the conventions that shape lyric poetry combined with extensive practice in using these conventions.  Conducted as a workshop, the course will involve regular writing and discussion of the work produced by the student writers themselves. Students wishing to enroll must present satisfactory evidence of motivation and serious interest in creative writing. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. Standard or CR/NC grading. Also listed as ENG 2084. IV
WRC2094	WRC	2094	Play Reading for Play Writing	"Play Reading for Play Writing" explores how plays work by reading and analyzing well-written scripts, and applying aspects of those texts to student-written plays. The course examines how various plays structure plot, develop character, and communicate ideas verbally and visually, all of which is then used for individualized writing of original scenes. Time is divided between recognizing the rhetorical elements of the scripts we read, and adapting such elements to the student's own creative playwriting. Prerequisite: Any WRC course or permission of instructor. IV
WRC2114	WRC	2114	Interpersonal Communication	A study of the kind of contact that occurs when the people communicating with each other talk and listen in ways that increase and enhance personal understanding. Topics to be considered include the importance of, and methods for enhancing one's perceptions, listening skills, emotional awareness, identity and impression management, verbal and nonverbal expression, conflict management and resolution, and building relationships within and across cultures. Prerequisite: Sophomore Standing or permission of instructor. IV
WRC2214	WRC	2214	Business Writing	Designed to help students develop skills in writing, especially for business and industry, where writing is important and inevitable. Students will read about and research current topics in business writing, view and analyze sample business documents, and produce many types of texts (including email, memo, resume, cover letter, reports, etc.) using various media (oral, print, and online) for a variety of purposes and audiences common in business writing. Prerequisite: FYS-1104 IV; V
WRC2264	WRC	2264	Non-Fiction Workshop	An introductory study of the conventions that shape literary non-fiction with extensive practice in using these conventions. Conducted as a workshop, the course will involve regular writing and discussion of the work produced by student writers themselves. Students wishing to enroll must present satisfactory evidence of motivation and serious interest in creative writing. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. Standard or CR/NC grading. Also listed as ENG 2264. IV
WRC2294	WRC	2294	Special Topics in Writing, Rhetoric, and Communication	Introduction to selected topics in communication focusing on concepts and methods used by communication scholars. Potential topics include listening, communication and gender, crosscultural communication, and rhetorical theory. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. IV
WRC2314	WRC	2314	Writing for Writing's Sake	Brings writers together for the pleasure of reading and talking about writing (not to mention the joy of actually devoting time to doing it). This course examines the writing life and offers writers a chance to do what they love to do. Students will write and share, and will polish a portion of their writing for the purpose of compiling an end-of-term collection of the workshop's best and most interesting efforts. IV
WRC2334	WRC	2334	Rhetoric of Resistance	After a brief overview of some key rhetorical principles, this course will examine the practices and strategies used by individuals, groups,and movements who have challenged and are challenging concentrated interests of power. Examines a wide variety of rhetorical texts,including but not limited to newspaper articles,underground pamphlets, songs, films, autobiographies, photographs,human rights reports, performances, speeches, and books. In addition to reading/viewing these texts, this course will consist of short writing assignments, presentations, and a final project. Interdisciplinary course appropriate for those interested in the fields of rhetoric, composition, communication, political science, history, philosophy, and women's studies. IV
WRC2354	WRC	2354	Introduction to Classical Rhetoric	An introduction to the art of rhetoric-a discipline concerned, as Aristotle writes, with "observing in any case the available means of persuasion." Via close reading, short response papers, group discussions, and a project that employs both a written and spoken component, participants will not only develop a working vocabulary of some of the terms and techniques associated with classical rhetoric but also have ample opportunities to see how such elements function in contemporary texts. Helpful for anyone interested in writing successful arguments regardless of academic discipline. Prerequisite: FYS 1004 and 1104.  IV; V
WRC3024	WRC	3024	Nonverbal Communication	The study of the way we communicate without and beyond words. The various types of nonverbal behavior, including body language, gestures, paralanguage,space utilization,etc.  will be examined in order to increase understanding of intracultural and cross-cultural communication. Prerequisite: WRC 1004 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
WRC3034	WRC	3034	Organizational Communication	The study of the ways in which communication affects organizations. Uses Organizational Theory to focus on concepts of group work, leadership, motivation, formal and informal systems, external and internal audiences, organizational technologies, and interpersonal communication in organizations. Students complete practical application through analysis of a particular organization. Prerequisite: WRC 1004 or permission of instructor and FYS-1104.  IV; V
WRC3044	WRC	3044	Gender and Communication	The study of the role communication plays in the socialization of gender and the role gender plays in communication. Focus on relational interaction in interpersonal, educational, familiy and organization contexts, on mass media messages, and on issues of power and critique. Also listed as WS 3044. Prerequisite: WRC 1004, WS 1004, or permission of instructor and FYS-1104. IV; V
WRC3054	WRC	3054	Digital Rhetoric	The study of theories of rhetoric in digital spaces and of our relationships to various digital tools and environments. Topics include audio and video composing, issues of access, shifting concerns of copyright, and exploration of necessary updates or expansions to traditional rhetorical theories. Students will consume and produce texts in a variety of genres and modes in order to study what it means to be rhetorically effective in the 21st century. Prerequisite: FYS 1004 and 1104. IV
WRC3064	WRC	3064	Persuasion	The study of persuasion, with an emphasis on the receiver's role. Focus on critical analysis of persuasive messages. Develop understanding of persuasion theory as it relates to individuals, groups, and movements. Focus particularly on the persuasive tools of social proof, reciprocity, authority, scarcity, liking, and commitment and commitment and consistency. Prerequisite: WRC 1004 or permission of instructor.  IV; V
WRC3124	WRC	3124	The Art of Persuasive Writing	A study of, and guided practice in, non-fiction writing that builds arguments on topics of social and cultural importance. For upper-level students of all majors, this course focuses on the skills needed for communicating disciplinary knowledge effectively within both academic and civic settings. Students examine a selection of classic essays as well as some good contemporary writing from journals such as Harper's and Atlantic Monthly. Students will be guided toward building essays on topics of their own choosing that use logical and rhetorical strategies in clean, well organized prose. Prerequisite: Junior standing. IV
WRC3234	WRC	3234	Feminist Rhetorics	Aristotle is commonly referred to as the father of rhetoric, but what about rhetoric's mothers, daughters, sisters, girlfriends, aunts? Women's voices were long excluded or erased from the recording or telling of histories of rhetoric, but feminist rhetorical scholars have sought to re(dis)cover these women's voices and to retell their stories. And more recently, feminist rhetorical scholars have pushed at the boundaries of gender and looked to explore what role feminist rhetorics might play in an increasingly digital and transnational world. This course considers a range of historical and contemporary views of feminist rhetorics-including texts from/about women and feminist rhetors as well as key texts about the development of the field-and asks students to contribute their own voices and scholarly work to these ongoing conversations. Prerequisite: FYS 1104. Also listed as WS 3234. IV;V
WRC3294	WRC	3294	Special Topics in Writing, Rhetoric, and Communication	Advanced study of selected topics in writing, rhetoric, and/or communication focusing on concepts and methods utilized by scholars in the field. May be repeated for credit as long as the topic is different. IV
WRC3354	WRC	3354	Readings in Rhetorical Criticism	Designed for students who are interested in argumentation/persuasion, critical theory, and/or cultural studies. Students will be introduced to various schools of rhetorical criticism/methodology(such as feminist, ideological, pentadic, and narrative based approaches) and will read a variety of rhetorical scholars (such as Bakhtin, Richards, Burke, Foucault, and Gates). Prerequisites: FYS 1004, 1104 and WRC 2354 or any 2000-level WRC course or permission of instructor.  IV; V
WRC4204	WRC	4204	Internship in Writing, Rhetoric, and Communication	A program offering the student supervised placement in organizations providing or requiring communication services. Students might work in human resources, broadcasting, research, or other communication-related areas. Provides an opportunity to work in a professional area of the field and apply concepts learned in other communication and communication-related courses. CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: WRC 3034, 3064 and permission of instructor.
WRC4244	WRC	4244	Directed Study in Writing, Rhetoric and Communication	Individual student reading and research in a selected area of writing, rhetoric, and/or communication. Allows students to supplement their study of WRC in areas not covered by existing course offerings. The project must be approved by the WRC program director as well as the student's academic advisor prior to registration. The appropriate faculty member in the program will supervise the directed study. Prerequisites: 4 WRC courses and permission of instructor.
WRC4294	WRC	4294	Advanced Studies in Writing, Rhetoric And Communication	Provides students with an examination of significant issues at the forefront of theory and research in writing, rhetoric, and/or communication. Includes an overview of current research in the field(s) of choice, emphasizing theoretical and methodological issues. Designed primarily to encourage students to engage more deeply with questions that arise from their study of WRC and to provide an occasion for reflection on the work students have done in other courses in the field. The course includes an independent, advanced research project, the topic of which will be chosen in close consultation with the instructor. Prerequisites: 4 WRC courses and permission of instructor.
WRC4444	WRC	4444	Sr Sem: Writing Rhetoric & Communication	Provides students with an examination of significant issues at the forefront of theory and research in writing, rhetoric, and/or communication. Includes an overview of current research in the field(s) of choice, emphasizing theoretical and methodological issues. Designed primarily to encourage students to engage more deeply with questions that arise from their study of WRC and to provide an occasion for reflection on the work students have done in other courses in the field.  The course includes an independent, advanced research project, the topic of which will be chosen in close consultation with the instructor. Prerequisite: 4 WRC courses and permission of instructor. IV