{"id":6464,"date":"2019-06-17T09:28:45","date_gmt":"2019-06-17T13:28:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/?p=6464"},"modified":"2020-07-14T14:52:56","modified_gmt":"2020-07-14T18:52:56","slug":"moving-the-field-forward-the-role-of-writing-in-science-at-transylvania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/2019\/06\/moving-the-field-forward-the-role-of-writing-in-science-at-transylvania\/","title":{"rendered":"Moving the field forward: the role of writing in science at Transylvania"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>The following feature article appears in the Spring\/Summer 2019 issue of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/newsroom\/publications\/third-broadway\">Third + Broadway magazine<\/a>, scheduled for delivery in June.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mark Sirianno \u201919 remembers his eureka moment. Alone in the\nlab one evening, a few years into his work with Associate Professor of Biology\nPaul Duffin, he opened the incubator and found that the Neisseria sicca\nbacteria, which scientists heretofore had deemed immutable, had, in fact,\ntransformed. They had, Sirianno explains, \u201ctaken up DNA from their environment\nand incorporated it into their genome.\u201d&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a world in which Neisseria gonorrhoeae is becoming\nresistant to antibiotics, portending catastrophic epidemics, any new light on\nNeisseria bacteria could be helpful \u2014 particularly, as Sirianno notes, when 75%\nof the human population carries non-pathogenic Neisseria in their nasopharynx\n(the cavity behind the nose). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cEvery time you take antibiotics,\u201d Sirianno explains, \u201cit\nmakes those Neisseria (in the nasopharynx) antibiotic resistant. If they can\nexchange DNA with the pathogenic version, it\u2019s no wonder gonorrhoeae is\nbecoming resistant so quickly and so efficiently.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sirianno is helping to prove that Duffin\u2019s thesis is\ncorrect, that this nonpathogenic strain is subject to \u201cinter-species genetic\ntransfer.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet who would know about the discovery or the broader\nimplications if the researchers failed to write up their work clearly and\nconcisely, and, ultimately, craft an abstract compelling enough to be accepted\nfor presentation at a conference among peers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe process of science isn\u2019t done until you\u2019ve communicated\nit,\u201d says Sarah Bray, professor of biology and interim associate dean for\nacademic affairs. \u201cIt\u2019s exciting to be learning something that no one else\nknows,\u201d but, as she reminds her students at Transy, \u201cyou haven\u2019t really\nparticipated in science until you have others read it, think about it and\nrespond to it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But first you have to write it. And through the process of\nwriting, a deeper comprehension develops. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_03-538x810.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6466\" width=\"318\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_03-538x810.jpg 538w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_03-232x350.jpg 232w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_03-485x730.jpg 485w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_03-768x1156.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_03-1020x1536.jpg 1020w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_03-1360x2048.jpg 1360w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_03-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_03-scaled.jpg 1700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 318px) 100vw, 318px\" \/><figcaption>\u201c[Writing] helps us understand our science and think about what we\u2019re doing,\u201d says biology professor Sarah Bray. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Articulating the work is so much more than merely detailing\nwhat\u2019s been done. \u201c[Writing] helps us understand our science and think about\nwhat we\u2019re doing,\u201d says Bray. \u201cWe\u2019ve gathered data, we\u2019ve looked at it, we\u2019ve\nvisualized it, but that process of verbalizing it in a way for another\nindividual to understand often leads to greater depth of thinking about what\nyour results mean.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Sirianno, the writing process reveals whether he\u2019s done\na good job in his research. \u201cWriting makes you organize the ideas and the\nprocess,\u201d says Sirianno, who won second place in the microbiology undergraduate\nposter competition at the Kentucky Academy of Sciences meeting in the fall of\nhis junior year. \u201cIt definitely shows you new things.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bray describes the linear structure of the end product of\nscience writing: the universal format of an introduction followed by a methods\nsection, then results and, finally, a discussion section. Bray notes, however,\nthat she has improved as a writer in the sciences \u201cby understanding that we\noften write in a very nonlinear way,\u201d assessing the methods, for example,\nbefore composing the introduction. And that final piece of writing, she\nexplains, \u201cis really the springboard to asking: What is the next problem that I\nneed to address in my work?\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kelly Lennington Ronald \u201909, who researches animal behavior,\ncan\u2019t imagine science without writing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWriting is integral to science,\u201d she says. \u201cWe give\npresentations and have conversations, but it\u2019s really those peer-reviewed\npublications put out for the research community that move the field forward. So\nI don\u2019t see science and writing as being separate; it\u2019s the same thing. That\u2019s\nhow you do science.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A William T. Young Scholar, Ronald is one of several Transy\ngrads to win a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, which\nis, Bray says, \u201cincredibly competitive\u201d and very much based on the written\nproposal. She sees these fellowships and postdoc grants as illustrations of the\nquality of the writing of Transy\u2019s science grads. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ronald, who also won the prestigious Walter Clyde Allee\nAward for best student paper (an early career award from the Animal Behavior\nSociety), points to the skills she developed in a \u201cwriting- intensive\nenvironment,\u201d at Transy, \u201cboth in the classroom, and as a Writing Center\ntutor.\u201d All of that writing became a \u201cnatural extension\u201d for her writing in\ndemanding graduate programs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ability to write strategically, persuasively and\nconcisely, drawing on specifics relevant to the application rather than on\npersonal generalities, she says, helped her secure the NSF funding. And having\nthe grant gave her the time and opportunity to devote all of her focus to the\nbroad, interdisciplinary questions she first began to tackle at Transy as a\ndouble major in psychology and biology.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_01-608x810.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6469\" width=\"311\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_01-608x810.jpg 608w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_01-263x350.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_01-548x730.jpg 548w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_01-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_01-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_01-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_01.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 311px) 100vw, 311px\" \/><figcaption>A William T. Young Scholar, Kelly Lennington Ronald \u201909 is one of several Transy grads to win a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI study animal behavior,\u201d explains Ronald, who earned a\nPh.D. from Purdue, a postdoc at Indiana University and, most recently, a\ntenure-track position in biology at Hope College, \u201cso it really is the\ncombination of both understanding the evolution of animals and why,\nhistorically, they make the decisions they do.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ronald is interested in why animals make their decisions and\nhow they interpret the information around them. In evolutionary terms, choosing\na mate is one of the most important decisions made, she notes, \u201cbecause that is\nthe decision that produces offspring, and that is what evolution works on.\u201d Her\nwork, particularly with birds and mice, investigates the larger questions of\nevolution but also drills down to the individual level, asking: \u201cHow does this\none particular animal sense its world and make a decision?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In doing so, her research is contradicting the long-held\nidea, for example, that all birds share the same perception of beauty in\nplumage or song when picking a mate. Her research shows that \u201cnot all animals\nagree about what beautiful is. The way they see and hear changes their\ninterpretation of what is attractive. In that sense, it allows for animals to\nvary in their preferences.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She acknowledges how Transy has been the model for her being\nable to span fields and labs in her work, to ask the big questions and not be\nintimidated. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bray points out how Transy\u2019s liberal arts education gives\nstudents \u201cunique tools for understanding how people [and, in Ronald\u2019s case,\nanimals] look at the world differently and how they might interpret\ninformation.\u201d The interdisciplinary approach trains students to communicate not\njust with academic peers, but with policy makers and the general public, and to\ntranslate their work into more \u201cdigestible\u201d content for blogs, podcasts and\nsocial media. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the past two years, students in Bray\u2019s upper-level\nclasses have been creating podcasts and blogs. Students look first at the\npeer-reviewed literature and write an annotated bibliography, then \u201ctranslate\u201d\nthis very dense scientific information into the format of a podcast for the\ncasual listener. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe fact that students write across the curriculum here \u2014\nthey know these different modalities of communication,\u201d Bray remarks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bray believes that essential questions in biology encompass\nethics, politics and sociology. The answers require thoughtful, educated\nexposition, not a series of facts and numbers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBecause big societal issues often involve these different\ndisciplines,\u201d she says, \u201cone of the big things about learning to write and\nbeing a good writer is this ability to integrate ideas.\u201d It makes a person a\nbetter communicator and, ultimately, \u201can active participant in conversations\nabout the issues that we face.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"810\" height=\"518\" src=\"https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_02-810x518.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_02-810x518.jpg 810w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_02-350x224.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_02-730x467.jpg 730w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_02-768x491.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_02-1536x982.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_02-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2019\/06\/Writing_Blogphoto_02.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><figcaption>For Mark Sirianno &#8217;19, the writing process reveals whether he\u2019s done a good job in his research. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sirianno, a philosophy and biology double major, tested\nthese principles at Yale University\u2019s Summer Institute in Bioethics, where he\nfound his Transy training had prepared him to write for a highly educated,\ninterdisciplinary audience that included scientists, philosophers and lawyers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Being steeped in two different disciplines made it possible\nfor him to do the research and understand the data that summer, he recalls, but\nalso to present the results in a final form that was written with his diverse\naudience in mind.&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cHow you interpret and write about your findings changes\nwhat people will glean from them,\u201d he notes. \u201cI think it\u2019s very important to be\nable to take that hard data and write about it in an eloquent, educational way,\nwhere you don\u2019t lose any of the information and you don\u2019t put in anything\nthat\u2019s not necessary. And that\u2019s not something that\u2019s easy to do. It takes a\nlot of practice,\u201d he adds. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As he prepares to enter medical school at the University of\nKentucky, Sirianno plans to continue his research and acknowledges how\nimportant writing will be in every facet of his future work, from lab work to\nethics boards. \u201cMedicine has given me a route to practice everything I\u2019ve\nlearned here at Transy and put it all together \u2014 from the philosophy, the\nresearch, the biology, to health care as well,\u201d he says. \u201cWriting has\nprofoundly affected the way in which I think about just about everything.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In July, Ronald begins her work as assistant professor at\nHope College. She will have a research team of students that will meet weekly\nto read scientific articles and discuss project ideas. The goal, as at Transy,\nwill be to present and publish the results. \u201cWriting will definitely be a part\nof anyone who joins my lab,\u201d she says. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe will be writing all the time.\u201d&nbsp; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The following feature article appears in the Spring\/Summer 2019 issue of\u00a0Third + Broadway magazine, scheduled for delivery in June. Mark Sirianno \u201919 remembers his eureka moment. Alone in the lab one evening, a few years into his work with Associate Professor of Biology Paul Duffin, he opened the incubator and found that the Neisseria sicca bacteria, which scientists heretofore had deemed immutable, had, in fact, transformed. They had, Sirianno explains, \u201ctaken up DNA from their environment and incorporated it into their genome.\u201d&nbsp; In a world in which Neisseria gonorrhoeae is becoming resistant to antibiotics, portending catastrophic epidemics, any new light on Neisseria bacteria could be helpful \u2014 particularly, as Sirianno notes, when 75% of the human population carries non-pathogenic Neisseria in their nasopharynx (the cavity behind the nose). \u201cEvery time you take antibiotics,\u201d Sirianno explains, \u201cit makes those Neisseria (in the nasopharynx) antibiotic resistant. If they can exchange DNA with the pathogenic version, it\u2019s no wonder gonorrhoeae is becoming resistant so quickly and so efficiently.\u201d Sirianno is helping to prove that Duffin\u2019s thesis is correct, that this nonpathogenic strain is subject to \u201cinter-species genetic transfer.\u201d Yet who would know about the discovery or the broader implications if the researchers failed to write up their work clearly and concisely, and, ultimately, craft an abstract compelling enough to be accepted for presentation at a conference among peers? \u201cThe process of science isn\u2019t done until you\u2019ve communicated it,\u201d says Sarah Bray, professor of<\/p>\n<p class=\"continueLink\"><a class=\"btn btn-info\" href=\"https:\/\/www.transy.edu\/1780\/2019\/06\/moving-the-field-forward-the-role-of-writing-in-science-at-transylvania\/\">Read &ldquo;Moving the field forward: the role of writing in science at Transylvania&rdquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":6465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[25,49,47,138],"tags":[75,127,139,61,220],"feeds":[],"class_list":["post-6464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-academics","category-alumni","category-faculty-staff","category-third-broadway","tag-alumni","tag-science","tag-third-broadway","tag-top-stories","tag-transy-faculty"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Moving the field forward: the role of writing in science at Transylvania - Transylvania University - 1780<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The following feature article appears in the Spring\/Summer 2019 issue of\u00a0Third + Broadway magazine, scheduled for delivery in June. 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